Research On Emotional Labor And Maintenance Mechanism Of Care Worker In Hospital

With the increasing degree of aging and the increasing incidence of disease,the burden of supporting the elderly population has become more and more serious.How to solve the problem of patient care in the hospital field becomes the key to improve the quality of patient care and meet their needs for a better life.As the undertaker of care outsourcing,care workers play an important role in the process of care labor marketization.However,market-oriented care labor not only has certain regulations on the physical labor and service skills of care workers,but also has certain requirements on their emotional labor.Therefore,taking emotional labor as the starting point to carry out research on care workers,explore the specific types and maintenance mechanisms of emotional labor of care workers,which has important theoretical value and practical significance for reflecting the autonomy of workers in the process of emotional labor and promoting the localization of the application of emotional labor theory.Based on the emotional labor theory,this study combines the perspective of localization relationship and interaction,takes the "career situation-action strategy" as the analytical framework,and adopts the qualitative research method to explore the autonomy of emotional labor of care workers.On the basis of outlining the working scene and group portrait of care workers,this study systematically discussed the process of nursing labor and the type of emotional labor of care workers from the two aspects of career situation and self-selection,and explored the maintenance mechanism of emotional labor of care workers from the three dimensions of culture,system and network.It is found that with the establishment and development of modern medical system,care workers,as the supplement of professional medical care team,have become an indispensable part of hospital care.First of all,care workers are faced with severe time and space discipline and multiple uncertainties in the process of care labor.On the one hand,the management needs the care labor of care workers to meet the operation requirements of "marketization".On the other hand,patients and their families need care workers to provide adequate market care labor.The requirements of commercialization and emotionalization of market-oriented care labor are the characteristics of care workers’ career situation and care labor process.Secondly,there are three types of emotional labor of care workers:instrumental emotional labor,natural emotional labor and surrogate emotional labor.Relationship is the core element of the classification and transformation of emotional labor types.The differences and changes of interactive relations make emotional labor types change.The emotional labor autonomy of care workers is reflected in the application of different emotional labor types.Care workers grasp the autonomy of emotional labor,which is embodied in the autonomy of relationship interaction and the autonomy of performance strategy.Finally,the maintenance of emotional labor of care workers is affected by culture,system,network and other social factors.Cultural factors act on the concept level."Filial piety culture" and "altruism culture" enable care workers to engage in emotional labor when interacting with strangers.The "de-stigmatization" process of care workers creates an image of emotional workers who are "clean in body" and "clean in mind".Institutional factors act on the organizational level.From the perspective of incentive mechanism and policy norms,organizations provide care workers with a sense of organizational support and a sense of institutional justice,and maintain the emotional labor input of care workers.The network factor acts on the relational level.The social network within the occupational field provides the care workers with the object to confide their negative feelings and the object to learn their emotional skills.The gain between work and family makes emotional labor have stable spiritual support,and family support network becomes another important place for emotional labor to maintain.In short,from the perspective of sociology,analyzing the emotional labor process of care workers is a further extension of labor process theory research to the field of emotional labor.Under the influence of Chinese local cultural factors,the emotional labor of care workers can realize the combination of efficiency and warmth,and provide "good enough care" for patients.However,it is undeniable that most of the care workers are older and less educated rural women,who are still in the stage of "making a living".How to make care workers develop towards specialization and professionalism is an important issue worthy of continuous and in-depth discussion by all sectors of society.