Study On Status And Influencing Factors Of Emotional Labor Of Medical Staff Under The COVID-19

Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the status of emotional labor in medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic,analyze the principal factors affecting emotional labor,explore the multiple mediating roles of positive emotions,negative emotions,psychological resilience and psychological flexibility in the relationship between personality traits and emotional labor,seek the action path that affects emotional labor,and propose relevant measures to improve the emotional labor of medical staff under public health emergency in order to ensure the quality of health work and the physical and mental health of medical staff.Methods: From May 2021 to July 2021,600 medical workers were selected for the study using a convenient stratified random sampling method in one of two tertiary hospitals in Dalian,including three categories of doctors,nurses and managers(administration and logistics management),with 200 people in each category.A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed to investigate the basic situation,personality characteristics,psychological resilience,positive and negative emotions,psychological flexibility and emotional labor of medical workers.A total of 600 questionnaires were collected,with 546 valid questionnaires were recovered and an effective rate of 91%.A database was created using Epi Data 3.1,and the data were imported into Excel 2019 for simple processing such as filtering and scoring.Personality traits were used as independent variables,psychological resilience,positive emotions,negative emotions and psychological flexibility were used as mediating variables,and emotional labour was used as outcome variables.SPSS 25.0 and Mplus8.0 were used for statistical analysis of the data.The statistical analysis methods used were descriptive analysis,t-test,analysis of variance,multiple linear stepwise regression,and structural equation model.Results: 1.The survey participants in this study were doctors,nurses and managers from two tertiary hospitals in Dalian,a total of 546 people,including 237 in Hospital A and 309 in Hospital B.The ratio of men and women in doctors was approximately 1:1,while nurses and managers were mostly female(87.2% and 66.5% respectively).The proportion of personnel younger than 40 years old was about 70% among doctors,90% among nurses and 80% among managers.The proportion of married people among doctors,nurses and managers was above 63%.Doctors were significantly better than nurses and managers in terms of education,title and average monthly income,with 40.4% of doctors with a master’s degree and 52.6% with a doctor’s degree,while nurses and managers were mainly concentrated in undergraduate degrees(74%,68%).Approximately 80 % of the doctors had associate senior titles or above,while about 47 % and 41 % of nurses and managers,respectively,had junior titles and below,and no more than 15 % had associate senior titles.About 94 % of doctors had an average monthly income of 8000 yuan or more,and no more than 50 % of nurses and managers had an average monthly income of 8000 yuan or more.In terms of working age,the distribution of three types of medical workers was relatively consistent.2.The total average score of emotional labor of medical workers was 3.89±0.66.According to the classification of emotional labor level,the emotional labor of medical workers was at a medium level.There were statistically significant differences in the score of emotional labor(F = 23.977,P < 0.001),emotional diversity(F = 28.321,P < 0.001),emotional expression rules(F = 18.203,P < 0.001),surface acting(F = 10.497,P < 0.001)and deep acting(F = 14.171,P < 0.001)among the medical staff of three different occupational types.Doctors had the highest scores on emotional labor and it’s all dimensions.Of the four dimensions of emotional labor,the highest score for all three occupational types was emotional expression rules,followed by deep acting,emotional diversity,and finally surface acting.3.The univariate analysis found that the demographic variables affecting the emotional labor of medical workers were age,education,occupation,hospital,working age,job title,night shifts,and average monthly income.4.Correlation analysis found that the personality characteristics,positive emotions,negative emotions,psychological resilience and psychological flexibility of medical workers had correlation with emotional labor.5.The results of multiple linear stepwise regression revealed that personality characteristics,positive emotions,negative emotions,psychological resilience and psychological flexibility had an impact on the total score and four dimensions of emotional labor.6.Negative emotions and psychological resilience had multiple mediating roles between personality traits and emotional labor.Personality traits had direct and indirect effects on emotional labor.Psychosis had direct and indirect effects on the four dimensions of emotional labor.Psychosis mainly negatively affected emotional diversity,rules of emotional expression,and deep acting through psychological resilience,and positively affected surface acting through negative emotions.Neuroticism mainly negatively affected the four dimensions of emotional labor through psychological resilience.Introvert and extrovert negatively affected surface acting through negative emotions.7.Positive emotions and psychological flexibility had multiple mediating roles between personality traits and emotional labor.Psychosis had direct and indirect effects on the four dimensions of emotional labor.Psychosis mainly negatively affected emotional diversity,emotional expression rules and deep acting through positive emotions,and positively affected surface acting through psychological flexibility.Neuroticism mainly acted on the four dimensions of emotional labor negatively through positive emotions;introvert and extrovert mainly negatively affected emotional diversity and surface acting through psychological flexibility.The mediating effects of positive emotions in psychoticism and emotional diversity(β =-0.049),neuroticism and emotional diversity(β =-0.183)were greater than the mediating effect of psychological flexibility in psychoticism and emotional diversity(β = 0.040),neuroticism and emotional diversity(β = 0.017).The mediating effect of psychological flexibility in psychoticism and surface acting(β = 0.142)was much greater than that of positive emotion(β =-0.025),but the mediating effect of psychological flexibility in neuroticism and surface acting(β = 0.063)was less than that of positive emotion(β =-0.092).Conclusion and suggestion: 1.The emotional labor of medical workers in hospitals is at a medium level,with doctors at a high level,nurses and managers at a medium level.2.The demographic characteristics of medical workers such as age,education,type of occupation,hospital affiliation,length of service,job title,whether they work nights and average monthly income have an impact on emotional labor.The highest levels of emotional labor and its dimensions found in the group of older,highly educated,long-serving,high-titled and high-earning medical workers.3.After excluding the confounding interference of demographic variables,personality characteristics,psychological resilience,positive emotions,negative emotions,and psychological flexibility had an impact on emotional labor.Personality traits affected emotional labor through two parallel sets of multiple mediators,negative emotions and psychological resilience,positive emotions and psychological flexibility.The influence of three personality traits on emotional labor in descending order was psychoticism,neuroticism,introversion and extroversion,so high psychoticism and high neuroticism needs to be focused on.4.For medical workers with three different personality traits,hospital managers should take different measures when improving their emotional labor.It is recommended that medical workers with psychoticism should improve emotional labor mainly by increasing psychological resilience,reducing negative emotions,enhancing positive emotions and increasing psychological flexibility;for workers with neurotic tendencies,the focus is on increasing psychological resilience and increasing the experience of positive emotions.For introverted medical staff,it is mainly to reduce their negative emotions and enhance their mental flexibility.