| Purpose:In recent years,an increasing number of countries have paid special attention to the innovation work of universities,and China clearly required that promoting the achievement transformation should be regarded as an important task in the construction of double-first-class universities.At the same time,transformation performance has become an important basis for evaluating the university’s service to local economy and community.The transformation of medical achievements is an important part of the national innovation system,which can help the development of national medical and health services and improve people’s living standards.Liaoning Province,where the study area is located,has a complete industrial system and is the cradle of modern Chinese industry.In recent years,Liaoning Province has faced difficulties in transformational development,and the transformation of medical achievements is critical to its revitalization and the advancement of China’s overall industrial system.Considering the above,this study took Liaoning Province as an example.We firstly evaluated the production and transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements for higher medical and pharmaceutical colleges(HMPCs)with DEA and SE-DEA models,based on the data from the"Compilation of Science and Technology Statistics for Chinese Higher Education Institutions".Secondly,we investigated relevant researchers to learn their cognitive situation of achievement transformation.We also innovatively included technical brokers’information in our study to provide a more comprehensive analysis,which refers to dealers in new and rare technologies and items.Furtherly,we explored the factors that lead to different achievement transformation performance over a long period of time and put forward targeted policy recommendations to provide decision-making references for relevant departments and researchers.Methods:1.Analysis on DEA measurementSix HMPCs in Liaoning Province(China Medical University,Jinzhou Medical University,Dalian Medical University,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and Shenyang Medical College)were taken as the research subjects.At the same time,16 HMPCs in other regions of China were selected as the control on the basis of geographical location,scientific research level and resources.In this study,the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements for HMPCs is divided into two stages of producing achievements and transforming achievements.The input indicators in the first stage include manpower and funding.The output indicators in the first stage include"the number of monographs and papers""the number of appraisal achievements"and"the number of achievements awarded"."The number of contracts signed"and"actual annual income"are used as economic output variables in the second stage.Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)and Super Efficiency DEA(SE-DEA)models were used to evaluate the produce and transformation efficiency in 22 HMPCs in two stages.DEAP 2.1,My DEA and other software were used to perform the DEA analysis.2.Questionnaire surveyThe current situation(2015-2020)of the achievement transformation in six HMPCs in Liaoning Province were examined through a questionnaire survey.The questionnaire on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in HMPCs mainly included the situation and problems encountered in the achievement transformation among six HMPCs.The questionnaire on the cognition about achievement transformation of researchers mainly included questions on the researchers’understanding and cognition on transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the related achievements they achieved from 2015 to 2020.And the questionnaire on the current situation of technical brokers in HMPCs mainly included questions on the basic situation,development status and satisfaction of technical brokers.SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:1.Analysis on DEA measurementThere are four HMPCs in Liaoning Province achieved five-year effective DEA in the longitudinal and horizontal comparison of the stage of producing achievements.The number of HMPCs in Liaoning Province that achieved effective DEA had been increasing,which were at the upper-middle level in 22 HMPCs of China.In the longitudinal comparison of the stage of transforming achievements,only Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and Shenyang Medical College had achieved effective DEA in some years,indicating that the super-efficiency of HMPCs in Liaoning Province were at the lower-middle level,which were consistent with 22 HMPCs of China.In the horizontal comparison,only Shenyang Pharmaceutical University in Liaoning Province had achieved effective DEA(the super-efficiency score was 3.467),all of others had not reached 1.2.Questionnaire surveyThe total transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements reported by six HMPCs in Liaoning Province was 2.36%,which was far behind the overall transformation level of HMPCs(6.1%)in China.In terms of incentive mechanism,the demands of researchers were mainly to increase the proportion of income(75.8%)and give bonuses rewards(67.3%).The results of questionnaire survey showed that researchers of six HMPCs’in Liaoning Province had poor awareness on the achievement transformation and related policies.Rank correlation analysis showed that the researchers’familiarity with achievement transformation(r_s=0.245,P<0.001)and related policies(r_s=0.136,P<0.05)were positively correlated with their professional titles.Further,the stepwise linear regression analysis showed that researchers’familiarity with the patterns of achievement transformation(b=0.519,P<0.001)and understanding of the achievement transformation(b=0.136,P<0.001)were the main factors raising the number of achievement transformation.We also confirmed that technical brokers of HMPCs in Liaoning Province were in short supply and not very professional.Simultaneously,technical brokers were less satisfied with their current professional titles and development status,which might be difficult to stimulate their work vitality.Conclusions:1.Six HMPCs in Liaoning Province had high efficiency in the stage of producing achievements,and low efficiency in the stage of transforming achievements,suggesting that HMPCs in Liaoning Province should expand the overall scale in this stage.2.HMPCs’researchers in Liaoning Province were lack of market-oriented awareness and had poor awareness on the achievement transformation and related policies.The policy incentives did not reach researchers’expected level.Moreover,technical brokers of HMPCs in Liaoning Province were in short supply and not very professional.3.In response to the above problems,HMPCs in Liaoning Province should improve the achievement transformation efficiency from various aspects such as strengthening policy advocacy and learning,enhancing researchers’market-oriented awareness,improving the incentive mechanism,and strengthening intellectual property operation capabilities,etc. |
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