Dynamic Optimization Of Blood Components Supply And Demand Matching Considering Age And Heterogeneous Demand

Blood supply chain management has been a crucial aspect of public health management in China.With the acceleration of the aging process of the population,the focus of our country’s blood supply guarantee work has gradually shifted from focusing on the quality and safety of blood to solving the problem of imbalanced blood supply and demand.Blood components refers to blood products that are separated from whole blood through centrifugation,filtration,and other methods.It primarily includes red blood cells,platelets,plasma,and cryoprecipitates,which can be directly used for clinical treatment.From the supply side,blood components has physiological characteristics and supply guarantee features such as multiple types,multiple preparation channels,multiple storage ages,cross-region transportation,and compatible substitution of different blood types,which result in diversified production and supply decision-making.From the demand side,different patients and types of surgeries in hospitals have different requirements for the type,quantity,and freshness of blood components,which poses a challenge of random heterogeneity for blood components distribution decision-making.The mismatch between the supply and demand of blood components not only leads to the delay or cancelling of various surgeries and disease treatments due to shortage of blood,seriously threatening human life and health,but also causes a large amount of blood components to accumulate and be scrapped,leading to negative social influence.Therefore,considering the complex characteristics of the supply and demand sides of blood components,studying the optimization problem of blood components supply and demand matching has important theoretical significance and practical value.Based on the existing research,this article focuses on the supply guarantee characteristics of combinable preparation methods,remote transportability,and substitutable heterogeneous types of blood components,and studies the optimization problem of matching supply and demand of blood components considering age and heterogeneity of demand.The theory and methods of operational research were used to formulate three mathematical models,including a dynamic supply optimization model on the supply side of blood components considering the age and heterogeneous demand,a dynamic distribution optimization model on the demand side of blood components considering the age and heterogeneous demand,and an integrated dynamic optimization model for matching supply and demand of blood components considering the age and heterogeneous demand.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows.Firstly,a dynamic supply optimization problem on the supply side of blood components considering the age and heterogeneous demand is studied.In this section,the supply of whole blood is determined in advance and the problem of optimizing the production and supply decisions for blood components in a blood centre is investigated.The blood centre is faced with heterogeneous demand for blood from hospitals with different supply priorities: demand for blood for emergency surgery,demand for blood for elective surgery and demand for blood for general treatment,different combinations of blood components preparation methods and measures for transportation of blood components from different areas are considered,an optimization model is constructed with the objective of minimizing the total system cost,and the optimal amount of blood components production and preparation,the amount of transportation from different areas and the amount of blood for the three types of heterogeneous demand for blood are calculated for the blood centre.Data from three scenarios were constructed to analyse the impact of transportation measures and hospital elective surgery plans on the dynamic supply optimization decisions on the supply side of blood components.The study shows that: Considering blood components transport measures for routine and post-disaster emergency situations can effectively reduce total system costs.Prioritising elective procedures with higher blood demand within a decision period can reduce blood centre blood components disposal costs and elective operation delay penalties.Secondly,the dynamic allocation optimization problem on the demand side of blood components considering the inventory age and heterogeneous demand is investigated.In this section,we investigate the dynamic allocation decision-making optimization problem of blood components within the hospital under the condition that the supply of blood components from the blood center to the hospital is determined.The hospital faces three types of heterogeneous demands with different allocation priorities and blood freshness requirements,such as departments and operating rooms,and considers compatible substitution of heterotypic blood components as well as blood components cross-match release period and transfusion ratio,establishes a mathematical model,and calculates the optimal decision results for dynamic allocation of blood components in the hospital.The study shows that: The introduction of heterotypic blood substitution measures can be effective in reducing both routine treatment blood shortages and elective surgery blood shortages in hospitals.Changing the hospital’s elective surgery schedule not only causes a change in the amount of elective surgery shortage,but also affects the outcome of the decision to substitute heterogeneous blood components in a compatible manner.The determination and calculation of the clinical transfusion ratio correlates closely with the amount of expired blood components in the hospital,and the higher the transfusion ratio,the lower the total system cost.Finally,the problem of integrated dynamic optimisation of blood components supply and demand matching considering the age and heterogeneous demand is investigated.This section investigates the integrated optimization of blood components supply and demand matching in a two-level supply chain between blood centres and hospitals in an environment where the supply of whole blood is determined.The integrated dynamic optimisation model is developed and the results are calculated with the objective of minimising the total cost of the blood components supply and demand matching system,by considering the combination of blood components preparation methods,trans-shipment,heterotypic substitution and cross-matching release period.The study shows that: Strategies that consider both transshipment and substitution are more effective in optimizing the total cost of the blood components supply and demand matching system than those that consider transshipment or substitution alone in the three different scenarios.Scheduling procedures in order from lowest to highest surgical blood demand results in a higher total cost of blood components supply and demand matching than scheduling procedures in order from highest to lowest.Increasing the clinical transfusion ratio is effective in improving clinical blood satisfaction rates and reducing surgical delay penalties and blood shortage penalties.The integrated dynamic decision for blood components supply and demand matching optimized the total system cost better than the separate decision,but the two decision-making approaches had contrary optimization effects for the decision for transfer of blood components from another location and the decision for substitution of heterogeneous blood components.