Robust Optimization For Emergency Blood Supply Chain Considering Facilities Disruption

Sudden disasters such as earthquakes and terrorist attacks cause serious economic and property losses,but also cause a large number of casualties.Taking natural disasters as an example,the "Global Natural Disaster Assessment Report 2020" shows that there were 313 major natural disasters worldwide in 2020,with a death toll of 15,082 people,and a direct economic loss of US$173.133 billion.Among this,China suffered 13 times natural disasters in 2020,causing a direct economic loss of 23.092 billion U.S.dollars,ranking third in the world.In order to save lives,the efficient and timely supply of rescue materials in the rescue of sudden disasters is essential.Blood is one of the most important medical supplies among the disaster relief supplies and it plays a vital role in the treatment of the wounded.Different from the ordinary relief supplies,the supply of blood is completely dependent on the donation of blood donors.It is difficult to collect and produce on a large scale in a short time after a disaster,which makes the pre-disaster reserve of blood extremely important.At the same time,its perishability and special characteristics storage conditions limit the amount of pre-disaster reserves,making post-disaster emergency collection and transportation indispensable.Therefore,to meet the emergency blood demand while avoiding the waste of rare blood resources,it is necessary to make overall decisions on blood supply before and after the disaster to ensure the orderly development of rescue work relying on the blood supply chain.However,it is worth noting that major sudden disasters usually lead to the failure of infrastructure in the supply chain,which will seriously affect the storage and use of rescue materials and disrupt the orderly conduct of emergency rescue work after disasters,such as hospitals in the blood supply chain.Therefore,this article researches the emergency blood supply chain network considering facility failure,respectively proposes a redesigned model of the disruption blood supply chain network considering mobile hospitals under sudden disasters,a robust optimization model of twostage emergency blood supply chain for disaster prevention plans,and a reliable blood supply chain design model considering the hospital’s uncertain correlation disruptions.Taking red blood cells and plasma as examples,the model is applied to disaster prevention in the Longmenshan earthquake zone in China.Firstly,to make the best response to the disaster that has occurred,the emergency blood supply chain network under the background of facility disruption has been redesigned.Focusing on postdisaster emergency rescue,considering the disruption caused by sudden disasters to the important medical facilities hospitals,which is both the blood storage point and the treatment point for the wounded,and based on the important medical materials red blood cells in the treatment of earthquake crush injuries,we studied the emergency supply chain reconstruction considering mobile hospitals to quickly restore the rescue capability of the blood supply chain damaged by the disaster,a mixed-integer planning model including mobile hospital and temporary blood donation site selection,blood external transfer and self-collection,and blood and wounded transportation was designed.Secondly,to mitigate unexpected disasters,the disaster preparedness plans should be prepared to unify disaster prevention and relief management.However,the disaster scenario considered in the preparedness plans usually are inconsistent with the real disasters which are unknown in advance.To address this issue,a scenario-based robust model combining the expect performance and the min-max regret is developed to study two-stage emergency blood supply chain.The optimization of the preparedness plan,including blood prepositioning and transportation of before disaster,and the post-disaster relief,including the location of temporary blood collection points as well as transshipment after disaster,are taken into account.Finally,to highlight the optimal response to different disaster situations,the failures between the facilities are assumed to be independent of each other in Chapter 3,and the failure conditions are directly given,but in fact,the failures between the facilities in the same disaster have an unknown relevance that cannot be ignored.Therefore,based on Chapters 3 and 4,Chapter 5 takes the possibility of demands and facility disruption into account when making pre-disaster prevention decisions,researching the emergency blood supply chain under uncertainty correlation failure.To address this issue,we develop a two-stage stochastic programming model to determine the prepositioning blood inventory and the relief activities under a set of discrete disaster scenarios.Furthermore,we analyze the second-stage problem’s supermodularity,then employ the distributionally robust approach to give the worst-case correlated disruption scenario set under known marginal probabilities.Finally,through actual case studies,the effectiveness of our work is verified,and the corresponding sensitivity analysis is provided,which provides realistic insights for the design of a reliable blood supply chain network.