| Objective To preliminaryly know the present partition criterion of rhizoma corydalis,to probe the correlation with quality evaluation indexes and specifications and grades and the rationality of division methods in medicinal materials market,and finally,to provide references to rebuild new industry standards.Methods ①Through literatures and market investigations,we could determine species of rhizoma corydalis and the present conditions of commodity specifications and grades.②We were required to collect 47 batches of rhizoma corydalis,separating them into two specifications by genuine producing areas and the authentic regions,and dividing four levels according to the size of tubers,and quantifying their diameters.After that,it’s necessary to test the content of the moisture,total ash,alcohol soluble extract in rhizoma corydalis based on the 2015 edition of the "pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China" and analyse the correlation with all indexes and different specifications and grades by SPSS software.③The content of protopine,tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline in different levels of 47 batches of rhizoma corydalis was determinated by HPLC-DAD,and the relationship with the content of effective compositions and classification standards was studied.The discrimination model of different regions and grades of rhizoma corydalis were tried to be established by logistics regression analysis.④The chromatograms of rhizoma corydalis were obtained by HPLC-DAD,which were analysed with similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM(2010A edition),and the characteristic mode of HPLC fingerprints was set up.Through cluster analysis,47 batches of rhizoma corydalis were classified,and by principal component analysis,the main chromatographic peaks were determined.⑤ICP-OES was used to determine the content of As、Cd、Co、Cu、Fe、Hg、Mn、Pb、Se、Zn in rhizoma corydalis materials,in order to research on differences of elements between places.Results ①The authentic regions of rhizoma corydalis included Zhejiang province and Shanxi province,medicinal materials in the other places all came from Zhejiang.In the market,medicinal materials were divided into two specifications by regions,and divided into four grades with the diameters.②Through mensuration,the content of moisture in 47 batches of rhizoma corydalis was 8.27%～17.93%,and 87.23%of samples met the requirement of pharmacopoeia in the content of moisture.Total ash content was 1.64%～5.23%,only content of second class materials from Haian was greater than 4.0%,and 97.87%of samples conformed to the requirement of pharmacopoeia.The content of alcohol soluble extract was 10.79%～18.92%,and that of 51.06%samples was not less than 13%,which conformed to the requirement of pharmacopoeia in the content of alcohol soluble extract.According to the results of correlation with product specifications and grades and detection indexes,it showed that the content of alcohol soluble extract in rhizoma corydalis had extremely significance between genuine producing areas and authentic regions(P<0.01),and the content of materials from genuine producing areas was obviously higher than that of ones from the authentic regions.There was significant differences between different grades in the content of alcohol soluble extract(P<0.05),and the alcohol soluble extract content had statistically moderate negative correlation with grades(r=-0.47,P<0.01).③Through mensuration,the content of tetrahydropalmatine in 47 batches of rhizoma corydalis was 0.61～1.16 mg·g-1,which met the requirement of pharmacopoeia in the content of tetrahydropalmatine.The content of protopine was 0.29～0.62 mg·g-1,and the content of corydaline was 0.71～2.56 mg·g-1.According to the correlation analysis with grades and effective components,it showed that there was significant difference between the content of tetrahydropalmatine in rhizoma corydalis from different regions(P<0.05),and the content of tetrahydropalmatine in genuine producing areas was significantly higher than that of the drugs in the authentic regions.The content of protopine,tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline showed quite week negative correlation with grades(P>0.05).By the logistics regression analysis,the prediction model of rhizoma corydalis regions was established,and forecast accuracy was 81.40%.④By similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM,Chinese herbal fingerprints of rhizoma corydalis were established and the degrees of similarity were over 90%.The whole map of different regions appeared not to be much distinct,and then by combining with literatures,it was known provenance of rhizoma corydalis was the same.Through cluster analysis,it was the fact that materials of rhizoma corydalis produced in Shanxi province and Jiangsu province could be separated,but the quality of rhizoma corydalis from Zhejiang has the high similarity with ones’ from Jiangsu.By principal component analysis,it was decided that chromatographic peaks of 2,4,5,10 could affect the quality deeply,of which,peak 10 was ensured to be tetrahydropalmatine.Ho were,chromatographic peaks of 2,4,5 had not yet to be identified.⑤ICP-OES was engaged to determine the content of 10 kinds of microelements in rhizoma corydalis,it’s found that the content of As,Pb,Hg was not overweight in 47 batches of rhizoma corydalis medicinal materials,but not the content of Cd in the top class materials from Anhui Guangde,and second class drugs from Chengu Dongjiaying.The content of Cu exceeded in most of the samples,and the content of Fe,Mn,Zn was higher than the other elements.According to the results of correlation analysis with grades and all elements,it showed that the content of Fe in rhizoma corydalis from genuine regions was lower than that of ones from the authentic regions(P<0.05).Besides that,the content of Fe had quite week negative correlationwith grades(P<0.05).Cu had moderately synergistic effects on the enrichment of Fe,Zn(P<0.01).By principal component analysis,Cd,Pb,Fe,Zn,Cu could be considered as the characteristics elements of rhizoma corydalis,and to beneficial element scores,it’s found that the element enrichment of rhizoma corydalis produced in Nantong ranked top,which could separate it from others.Conclusion ①Research on literatures of rhizoma corydalis was conducted,which was beneficial to determine the correctness of the sources of medicinal materials,and understand the present situations of the product specifications and grades.②The content of moisture and ash in different specifications of rhizoma corydalis basically met the requirements of the pharmacopoeia,and the content of alcohol soluble extract in 51.06%of samples was not less than 13%.In terms of the content of moisture and ash,they were influenced by human behaviors and the like.Therefore,their content was not suitable for evaluation standards of specifications and grades,but to some extent,the content of alcohol soluble extract could reflect the quality,so it should be included in the scope of the quality evaluation indexes.③The content of alcohol souble extract and tetrahydropalmatine of rhizoma corydalis in genuine producing areas was higher than that of ones in the authentic regions.Therefore,rules of rhizoma corydalis commodity specification had certain rationality by regions.There was certain correlation between rhizoma corydalis levels and evaluation indexes,and it revealed that the bigger the tuber of rhizoma corydalis was,the lower the content of alcohol souble extract was,and the content of protopine,tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline had a decreasing tendency with the increase of grades,which did not accord with the present concept that the quality of larger tubers was better.Therefore,the grade division rules according to diameters could not be decided.The independent variables of logistics regression analysis can be classified variables,according to the number of independent variables in the prediction period changes happened to predict the dependent variable probability model.This study adopted the analysis method to establish region prediction model.④Traditional Chinese medicine fingerprints are advantageous to evaluate the quality of Chinese medicinal materials comprehensively.According to the results of similarity analysis,the degrees of similarity were high,regarding of their regions and grades,and provenance was the same.Through clustering analysis,rhizoma corydalis produced in Jiangsu could be distinguished from rhizoma corydalis rooted in Shanxi.Using principal component analysis,it could filter out the main characteristic peaks.⑤The conditions of inorganic element concentration were distinct in different regions and grades.By principal component analysis,it could be concluded the characteristic elements in rhizoma corydalis medicinal materials,and by the analysis of beneficial inorganic elements of Chinese medical materials,it could give advantages for their comprehensive utilization,authentic assessment and so on. |
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