Research On The Choice Of Policy Instruments In The Policies On Transferring Fishermen’s Job In The Yangtze River

The core issue of this paper is "whether the current employment and resettlement security policy for returning fishermen lacks effectiveness to some extent due to the lack of demand-based and environment-based policy tools",and the problem is divided into three sub-issues:(1)whether the current policy has the lack of demand-based and environment-based policy tools;(2)Whether there are new situations and new problems in the current employment of retired fishermen;(3)Whether the above two are related.In the first part,this paper introduces the important concepts contained in the four thematic areas of livelihood,prohibited waters,retreating fishermen and policy tools,and combs the theoretical context from the poverty theory to the sustainable livelihood framework.It is found that the feasible ability emphasized by the poverty theory is absorbed by the sustainable livelihood framework,forming the concept of livelihood capital,but the sustainable livelihood framework does not pay attention to the impact of the community’s feasible ability on individuals.In addition,there are also some problems in relevant research,such as ignoring the background effect,wrong quantitative results,and wrong logic in the generation of policy recommendations.In short,this paper finds that the theoretical basis of the current resettlement security policy has a strong tendency to choose individual and supply-based policy tools.In the second part,this paper uses exploratory spatial data to analyze the livelihood of retreating fishers,and examines the status quo,spatial distribution and spatial correlation types of the livelihood of retreating fishers through the global Moran index,bandwidth,and global Moran index change rate.At the same time,this part gives and tests the policy needs of the returning fishermen through HLM model.The main quantitative findings are as follows:(1)gender has nothing to do with the livelihood of fishermen;(2)The type of fishermen does not directly affect their livelihoods,but agricultural development is beneficial to part-time fishermen and industrial development is beneficial to professional fishermen;(3)The industrial development of the districts and counties is conducive to employment,while the agricultural development is not conducive to employment;(4)Individual endogenous reemployment ability plays a major positive role in the return of fishermen;(5)The development of district and county education has a positive effect on the livelihood of fishermen,and is more effective for fishermen with higher education level.The policy significance of these quantitative findings is as follows:(1)the income of male fishers after returning from fishing is not significantly superior to that of female fishers,and there is no need to design differentiated employment policies for female fishers;(2)Vocational skill training is effective,and relevant policies are more suitable to be carried out in areas with good education foundation;(3)The effectiveness of financial subsidies varies significantly among regions,and the reasons have not yet been clarified;(4)Cultivating district and county industries needs to adjust measures to local conditions.Cultivating agriculture-related industries is only beneficial to part-time fishermen,and the service industry is only beneficial to professional fishermen.In other words,it needs to provide differentiated policies for different types of returning fishermen;(5)The cultivation of district and county education is also effective,and more effective for highly educated fishermen.In the third part,this paper describes the object,essence,goal and content of the policy of returning fishermen to work.The policy tools adopted by the current relevant policies are divided into six categories according to "individual organization" and "supply environment demand",and the attribution problem is examined.This paper finds that the current policy does have the problem of unbalanced policy structure.In the fourth part,this paper then discusses the possible difficulties and limitations of the policy,and finds that the current limitations are mainly:(1)the policy goal of sustainable alternative livelihood is difficult to achieve;(2)There are systemic risks;(3)Unable to meet the policy needs of returning fishermen.From the perspective of instrumentalism,contingency and constructivism,this paper analyzes the reasons why the current policy can not meet the needs of the fishers,that is,the current individual-supply policy has a boundary and can not solve the problem of insufficient community opportunities that restrict the development of fishers.Based on this,policy suggestions are put forward:(1)broaden the direction of assistance,and take the optimization of the employment environment of districts and counties,support of local industries,and increase of post supply of districts and counties into consideration;(2)Unify the goal of employment transfer,and design assistance policies based on local conditions;(3)Innovate the way of assistance,compact the responsibility,and realize the refinement of the assistance policy.