Study On Resettlement Policy Of Retired Fishermen In The Yangtze River Basin From The Perspective Of Sustainable Livelihood

The ten-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River is not only a grand plan for the Yangtze River basin,but also a major measure for the well-being of future generations.It will not only help maintain the ecological balance of the Yangtze River,but also help the recovery of fishery resources.The sustainable livelihood of the retired fishermen is one of the core issues of the Yangtze River fishing ban.In order to get rid of the dilemma,reasonable policy support is particularly important.The ten-year fishing ban policy of the Yangtze River is an important strategic deployment to implement the steady self-organized restoration of the ecosystem of the Yangtze River.The establishment of the resettlement policy system of the fishermen who have returned from fishing in the Yangtze River Basin is a decisive supporting measure of the Yangtze River fishing ban policy.Based on the perspective of sustainable livelihood,the policy supply analysis of resettlement security for retired fishermen in the Yangtze River Basin is conducive to the establishment of a systematic policy analysis framework,and provides references for optimizing the policy mechanism of governance practice in the Yangtze River basin.Examining the resettlement and compensation of fishermen from the perspective of public policy can provide empirical support for the political process to ensure the livelihoods of fishermen,enrich the research on resettlement and compensation of fishermen who have returned from fishing,broaden the research horizon,and provide new ideas for solving the resettlement and security problems of fishermen who have returned from fishing in the Yangtze River Basin and realizing sustainable livelihoods.Therefore,based on the perspective of sustainable livelihood,focusing on the resettlement and security policies of retired fishermen in the Yangtze River Basin,text analysis was used to systematically analyze 118 sample policies issued by the government during 2017-2022.The findings are as follows:(1)In terms of the main body of policy issuance,the Ministry of Agriculture has the largest number of policy texts and is in a central position,playing an obvious leading role.The subject of promulgation of local government policy texts is only confined to their own provinces,and there are few cases of joint promulgation among local governments.(2)In terms of policy content,through the analysis of the resettlement security policy system for fishermen who have returned to the Yangtze River under the background of the10-year fishing ban from 2017 to 2022,it is found that before 2019,ecological compensation policies played an obvious dominant role,but China’s ecological compensation policies generally focused on solving the current livelihood and lacked development and sustainability.Since 2019,the policy structure of retired fishermen in the Yangtze River has changed from the perspective of sustainable livelihood.The policy structure is centered on sustainable development,and the policy content is mainly distributed on livelihood transformation and social security with long-term development.(3)In terms of the relationship between policies,livelihood transformation policies showed a strong development trend in 2019,overtaking the number of ecological compensation policies all the way and maintaining a high level of operation in 2020.Social security policies were introduced intensively,and the number exceeded that of ecological compensation policies in 2020,indicating that the policy structure had changed.Through correlation analysis,it is found that there is a positive correlation between ecological compensation policy and social security policy,but there is no correlation between livelihood transformation policy and other two.(4)In terms of preference for policy genres,the distribution of genres presents an unbalanced state."Opinions" and "notices" are pure normative documents,and their binding effect is less than that of legal documents,but they account for the largest proportion in the sample policies.In the process of policy implementation,policy makers prefer the "scheme" with the nature of laws and regulations.The vast majority of regions have not made specific arrangements for the removal of arresters.Most of them have issued a notice of the prohibition of arresters in reference to the contents of the central documents.There is no implementation method for the ban,how to settle fishermen,how to arrange special funds,and there is no relevant evaluation policy.(5)In terms of policy tools,the Chi-square test is used to conduct correlation analysis on the three types of policy tools used in the sample policy texts.The results show that Chinese government has significant differences in the choice of policy tools in different years,and the choice of different policy tools also has significant differences.At present,there are some problems in the resettlement policy system of the fishermen who have returned to the Yangtze River,such as poor cohesion mechanism,unbalance policy structure and single policy tools.The reasons are as follows:allocative resource fracture,imperfect policy consideration and disclosure mechanism,and cognitive limitation in policy-making stage.It is suggested that the functions of governments at all levels should be correctly defined,multiple governance networks should be established,and the use of policy tools should be more balanced.