The Establishment And Development Of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization Training System(1949-1978)

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the Party and the government believed that "the fundamental way out of agriculture lies in mechanisation" and mobilised the general public to devote themselves to the cause of agricultural mechanisation.To achieve agricultural mechanisation,it is not only necessary to arm agriculture with advanced machinery,but also to train new farmers who are skilled in modern agricultural machinery.In order to quickly establish a technical team to adapt to the rapid development of agricultural mechanization,China has established a set of efficient and flexible agricultural machinery training system.At present,research on agricultural machinery education and training is very weak,and there is no systematic research on the training system of agricultural machinery in the People’s Republic of China.This paper uses historical materials such as archives,newspapers,magazines and textbooks to sort out the history of the establishment and development of Chinese agricultural machinery training system from 1949 to 1978,examine its operation and characteristics,and finally evaluate its effectiveness and shortcomings.The first chapter examines the background to the establishment of the new Chinese agricultural machinery training system.The explosive growth in the number of agricultural machinery and the decentralisation of state-run tractor stations to communes led to a general lack of personnel to manage,use and maintain agricultural machinery across the country,and the establishment of a training system was urgent.Chapter 2 summarises the measures taken to establish Chinese agricultural machinery training system:setting up a special management body,establishing a fixed training base,building a multi-level training network and improving the assessment mechanism.Chapter 3 breaks down the operation process of the system in terms of training objectives,selection of trainees,training content,training methods,end-of-training assessment and job destination.Chapter 4 reveals the three main features of the system:party-led and mass mobilisation;downward popularisation and upward enhancement;and efficient and flexible targeting.Chapter 5 concludes by affirming the positive role of the system in popularising technology,cultivating talents,promoting agricultural mechanisation and transforming traditional agriculture,while pointing out its shortcomings such as low quality of training,uneven regional development and lack of long-term national planning.The establishment and practice of Chinese agricultural machinery training system demonstrates the efforts made by the first generation of Chinese agricultural machinery training system leadership collective to cultivate agricultural talents and popularise agricultural machinery technology under the conditions of poverty and poverty.By reviewing the history of the agricultural machinery training system in the People’s Republic of China before the reform and opening up,it deepens the understanding of the problems of agricultural mechanisation in this period,which is of great value for the current strengthening of agricultural machinery technical training,establishing a new era of professional farmers’ education and training system,and promoting the revitalisation of rural talents.