Physiologic Characteristics And Transcriptome Analysis Of Improve The Quality And Increasing Yield Of Sugarcane In Fenlong

Fenlong is a new farming technique.A number of studies have shown that the yield and quality of sugarcane can be improved by Fenlong tillage compared with traditional tillage.However,few studies have been conducted on the physiological characteristics,tissue and cell structure and transcriptome analysis of sugarcane under Fenlong tillage.This study by the GT 42 cane sugar as the research material,a traditional rotary tillage(CK,25 cm deep)and self propelled machine-cultivated for the Fenlong tillage(Fenlong,40 cm deep)2,Uses the field randomized block design,set three repeat each processing,Fenlong tillage on soil physical and chemical properties,physiological and biochemical,tissue structure,the influence of the transcriptome,and production quality,the main research results are as follows:1.Effects of Fenlong on agronomic characters and yield and quality of sugarcaneThe stem length,stem diameter,internode number,single stemweight,effective stem and yield of newly planted sugarcane in Fenlong tillage were all higher than those in traditional tillage,which increased by 13.10%,17.58%,18.26%,32.73%,5.30% and 18.89%,respectively,with significant differences.The Brix,GB sugar,sugar cane juice sugar and sugar cane sugar were all higher than those of traditional tillage sugar cane,which increased by 9.04%,15.02%,14.49% and 13.36% respectively,showing significant differences.The stem length,stem diameter,internode number,single stem weight and yield of stubble cane were increased by 12.3%,22.2%,19%,70.3% and 8.1% respectively compared with traditional tillage,and the differences were significant.The juice yield,purity,Brix,GB sugar,sugar juice and sugar cane sugar increased by 5.4%,0.5%,1.9%,1.9%,1.6% and 3.9% respectively compared with the traditional tillage sugar cane,with no significant difference.2.Effects of Fenlong on physical and chemical properties of sugarcane soilCompared with traditional tillage:(1)Before planting sugarcane,soil bulk density was reduced by 10.7%,total soil porosity was increased by 37.2%,and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was increased by 25.5%,all reached the level of significant difference.(2)At the early stage of sugarcane elongation,the soil bulk density of ricebed was reduced by 10.7%,the content of available potassium in soil was increased by 17%,the total porosity of soil was increased by 20.5%,and the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil was increased by 24.2%.All these differences were statistically significant.(3)During the elongation stage of sugarcane,the total porosity of soil increased by 28.6%,showing a significant difference.(4)In the mature stage of sugarcane,the total porosity of soil,the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and the content of available potassium in soil increased by 27.3%,43% and 14.9%,respectively,with significant differences.3.Effects of Fenlong on physiological characteristics of sugarcaneThe chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of newly planted sugarcane and stubble sugarcane were significantly increased in Fenlong compared with traditional tillage.The chlorophyll content increased by 5.4% and 6.0%,and the photosynthetic rate increased by 37.1% and 10.14%,showing significant differences.During the elongation peak stage of sugarcane,the activities of NADPH-MDH and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC)related to photosynthesis were significantly increased by 23.5% and 30.9%,respectively.The activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and glutamine synthase(GS)related to nitrogen metabolism were significantly increased.At the late elongation stage,the activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase(Ru BPC)was significantlyincreased by 18.6%.In the mature stage,the activity of SPS in the leaves and stems of sile-bed sugarcane was increased by 15.8% and 8.6%,respectively.4.Effects of Fenlong on the structure of sugarcane tissue and cellThe area of vascular sheath of Fenlong sugarcane leaves was significantly larger than that of traditional sugarcane,with an increase of 28.4%.The vascular bundle area and phloem area of the stem increased by 15.2% and 29.6% respectively compared with that of the traditional tillage sugarcane,and the difference was significant.5.Transcriptome analysis of sugarcane under Fenlong conditionTranscriptome sequencing of sugarcane leaves and stems during elongation period showed that the number of different genes in CK leaves-vs-Fenlong leaves was 47706,among which 19357 were up-regulated and 28349 were down-regulated.The number of differentially expressed genes in CK stem-vs-Fenlong stem was 28917,of which 10099 were up-regulated and 18818 were down-regulated.There were 8630 different genes in both leaves and stems.These differentially genes are mainly concentrated in the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction,brassinol biosynthesis,zeatin biosynthesis,glutathione metabolism,photosynthesis,carotenoid biosynthesis,photosynthetic antenna protein,sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis,sucrose and starch metabolism.Through q RT-PCR detection ofphotosynthetic genes Psb M,Psb S and SPS of sucrose phosphoric acid synthase in the mature stage of newly planted sugarcane,the elongation stage and the mature stage of stubble cane,it was found that they were all up-regulated.To sum up,Fenlong reduced soil bulk density,increased soil total porosity、the content of available nitrogen and potassium in the soil,which was conducive to the under planting of sugarcane roots and the absorption and utilization of nutrients,and promoted the nutrition metabolism and growth of sugarcane.The up-regulated expression of sugarcane photosynthetic genes Psb M,Psa H and Psb S significantly increased the activities of NR and GS in sugarcane,NADP-MDH,Ru BP carboxylase and PEPC.The photosynthetic efficiency increased,and the stem length increased.At the same time,the leaves vascular bundle sheath area,the number of internode vascular bundles and the phloem area increased,which accelerated the accumulation and transport of assimilative products.Fenlong sugar cane increasing the source and expanding the storage,It is speculated that this is an important reason to increase the yield.