Effects Of Fenlong Tillage On Soil Physical And Chemical Properties And Growth Of Maize And Rice

The Fenlong tillage technique developed by Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences is introduced in order to solve the problem of difficult improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land and low utilization efficiency of producing areas in the northern area of Yinchuan of Ningxia.Seting up a farming experiment in Nuan quan farm,Helan county and Qianjin farm,Pinluo county,Ningxia province.In this study,there were five treatments:rotary tillage(CK),Fenlong tillage 30(FL30),40(FL40),50(FL50),60(FL60)cm.The response characteristics of different Fenlong tillage depths to soil physical and chemical properties,crop physiological growth and yield components were mainly analyzed.The response mechanism of Fenlong tillage technical measures to the growth of maize and rice was revealed,and the suitable Fenlong tillage depth for planting maize and rice in the northern area of Yinchuan was determined.(1)In terms of soil physical properties,compared with traditional tillage(CK),Fenlong tillage significantly reduced soil bulk density,increased soil total porosity and>0.25 mm elastic-stable aggregate content.Under dry farming conditions,FL50 bulk density is the lowest,CK is the highest.In 0～20 cm soil layer,FL50 decreased by 20.16%compared with CK,19.53%in 20～40 cm soil layer and 10.24%in 40～60 cm soil layer.Soil total porosity increased by 20.92%,21.75%and 10.99%at 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm,respectively.Under paddy cultivation,compared with CK,the soil bulk density of FL50 treatment decreased by 7.75%at 0～20 cm,6.90%at 20～40 cm,and 2.07%at 40～60 cm;at the same time,compared with CK,the content of 0.25～0.5 mm aggregates in the soil after ridge tillage was significantly increased,and the content of 2～5 mm and>5 mm aggregates were less than that of CK.During the whole growth period of maize,the soil water storage of 0～60m was 10.32%-27.61%higher than CK.(2)In terms of soil chemical properties,compared with traditional rotary tillage,Fenlong tillage significantly increased soil organic matter and available nutrient contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in topsoil.Under dry farming conditions,compared with traditional tillage technology,the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in topsoil increased by 20.33%,40.76%and 30.14%,respectively.At the same time,Fenlong tillage could significantly reduce the pH value of surface soil,and the water-soluble salt content was the highest reduced by 0.78 g·kg-1.Under paddy field planting conditions,the contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus in surface soil were lower than those in CK,but the partial productivity of fertilizer increased by 25.45%compared with CK.(3)In terms of soil biological properties,compared with traditional tillage,urease and catalase activity of soil in Fenlong tillage treatments were improved to varying degrees,with an average increase of 32.08%and 75.74%compared with CK.No significant effect on alkaline phosphatase activity.(4)In terms of crop yield,under dry-land maize planting conditions,compared with traditional tillage,Fenlong tillage promoted maize root development.Compared with CK,the average diameter of maize root increased by 39.29%on average,and the volume and root activity increased by 35.25%and 17.14%,respectively.Compared with CK,the dry matter accumulation of maize under Fenlong tillage increased by 11.29%,11.34%,12.34%and 14.50%,respectively.Water use efficiency increased by 101.42%,grain yield,biological yield of maize increased by 26.14%and 20.49%,respectively,and the highest grain yield reached 15.73 t/hm2.Under rice planting conditions,compared with CK,the yield increased by 25.45%under 50 cm ridge tillage.