A Study Of Dialect Words In Treatise On Febrile Diseases And Miscellaneous Diseases

ObjectiveWith reference to the present-day paradigm of dialect studies,this study intends to collate dialectal materials from the literature of Zhongjing's contemporaries or before,and to conduct a comprehensive survey of the dialectal words in The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases(?????),focusing on clarifying the dialectal words used in The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases and correctly interpreting their meanings,with a view to filling the gaps in the systematic study of the dialectal words in The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases,so as to better understand the work and provide useful reference for the clinical application of Zhongjing's academic ideas.Methods(1)Using a combination of bibliography,koanology and comparative analysis,inductive deduction and other methods,on the basis of collating the dialect materials of the two Han dynasties,the dialect words related to The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases are sorted out horizontally through the comparison of documents;on the other hand,as both Changsha and Nanyang,the region where Zhang Zhongjing lived,belonged to the Chu region and were heavily influenced by the Chu cultural circle,and many Chu dialects were preserved in The Songs of the South(??),the dialect words in The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases are sorted out from a vertical perspective by comparing The Songs of the South.(2)For quantitative analysis,this paper attempts to exhaustively count the dialect words used in The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases,and then present the status of the number and regional distribution of dialect words through charts and other forms.(3)A combination of ephemeral and co-occurrence is used to examine some of these words specifically,analysing the exact meaning of the dialect words and their significance in understanding the sentences.Results(1)A total of 73 dialect words were identified in The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases,with 69%of the relevant dialect words recorded in the Han dynasty dictionaries,26%in modern studies of The Songs of the South,and 5%in scriptures and commentaries.(2)Of the dialect words related to The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases in the Western Han dictionary Fang Yan(??),as sorted by this study,32 dialect words were recorded in the prevailing region,with 66%of the words from the Chu dialect area.(3)From both the common and ephemeral literature and in the context of Chinese medical theory,for the words“po”(?),“tuan”(?),“yan”(?)and“chai”(?),“jian”(?),“zhi”(?),“hui”(?),“liao”(?)and“chu”(?),which mean“recovering from an illness”(??)have been studied.(4)16 doubtful dialect words in The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases have been collated,and the words“1u”(?),“yao”(?)and“ying”(?)have been examined in detail.(5)Based on the documents compiled,37 dialect words proposed by previous scholars were analysed,and“bing”(?),“zhong”(?)and“bu zhong”(??)were selected and examined in detail.Conclusions(1)This study confirms from the perspective of dialect that Zhang Zhongjing lived in a region that belonged to the Chu region and was heavily influenced by the Chu culture,hence the predominance of the Chu dialect spoken.(2)This study found that:?the word“po”(?)is a dialect word used in the Han dynasty between Chen,Chu,Jing and Yang,with the meaning of bias and inclination,and can be derived as a tendency;?the word“tuan”(?)is a Chu dialect word meaning“to gather”and“xiang tuan”(??)means“to merge,to gather”;?the word“yan”(?)was a dialect word used in the Han dynasty between Ru,Ying,Huai and Si,referring to the forehead rather than the eyebrows;? the word“yu”(?)was used as a generic term in the Han Dynasty and the words“chai”(?),“jian”(?),“zhi”(?),“hui”(?),“liao”(???)and“chu”(?)are all dialectal words from the Southern Chu dialect of the Han dynasty and indicate recovery from illness.(3)In this paper,we examine in detail the doubtful words“lu”(?),“yao”(?)and“ying”(?),and conclude that they are dialectal words from The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases.?The word“lu”(?)in Synopsis Golden Chamber(????)is a dialect word,which should be trained as“bai”(?),meaning“putrid”and“e lu”(??)refers to the stagnant blood that flows or remains in a woman's body after childbirth.?The word“yao”in the phrase“internal yao in the nose”is a Chu dialect word for angelica dahurica(??),not“gua di san”(???)as later medical practitioners believed.? The word“ying”(?)is a dialect word in the(???),with the meaning of gyrating and swirling.The pulse is haunting like a spider's silk,describing the pulse as swirling and writhing under the fingers,with extremely weak writhing power,a sign of weakened Yang energy.(4)An analysis of the dialect words proposed by previous scholars reveals that seven of them have dialectal attributes,namely:“zhi”(?),“chai”(?),“ao”(?),“yue”(?),“liao”(?),“liao liao”(??),“xi”(?),“ku”(?).The words“bing”(?),“zhong”(?)and“bu zhong”(??)have been examined in detail and are not considered to be dialectal words in Miscellaneous Diseases.? The word“bing”(?)is a generic word used in Fang Yan to explain the dialect words“tuo”(?)and“zhang hun"”(??).?The word“zhong”(?),which means yes,can and able to,has a long history,and has been used in the historical books of the two Han dynasties,as well as in later official history documents,novels and even in the emperor's chronology.The dialectal materials collated for this project do not indicate that the words“zhong”(?)and“bu zhong”(??)are dialectal words of a particular place.Significance and ShortcomingsBased on the periodicity and locality of dialects,this study examines the dialect words used in The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases and the specific meanings of these dialect words,filling a gap in the systematic study of the dialect words of The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases and providing evidence from Chinese dialectology for the interpretation of the difficult words related to The Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases.However,due to the author's limited knowledge,I'm not conducted a more in-depth study of the dialect words have sorted out in terms of word formation,pronounce and phonetics,and there are inevitable omissions in the collation of some of the two Han and Chu dialect documentations.The large span of time between the two Han dynasties also affects the accuracy of this study,as dialects and common language transformed into each other over time.