A Comparative Study Of Yellow Sheep's Horn And Its Similar Products

Cornua Procapra gutturosa is a national second-class protected animal,its horn is an important traditional Chinese medicine,as the development and utilization of Chinese medicine and animal protection seem to contradict each other.This paper takes the cornua Procapra gutturosa and its analogues,such as cornua Procapra gutturosa block,Capra sibirica hollow horn,Argali horn,Rhinoceros horn as the object,The aim of this research is:（1）Provide more reference data for the analysis of the molecular structure and chemical composition of the cornua Procapra gutturosa,the search for substitutes,and the study of synthetic products;（2）It provides a new method for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine,which is beneficial to the protection of wild animals and development of traditional Chinese medicine culture;（3）Discriminative study of samples based on spectroscopy,chemical composition data combined with chemometrics methods,exploring from two perspectives,nondestructive and destructive.It can improve the scientific basis for the classification and identification of samples,provide a new method for the identification of horns of wild and artificial animals,and provide comparative data for the judicial identification work of customs,forest public security and other relevant departmentsThis paper uses Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,Ultraviolet spectrophotometer,Automatic amino acid analyzer,Gas chromatograph,and Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer to analyze the sample’s mid-infrared spectrum,near-infrared spectrum,ultraviolet spectrum,amino acid composition,fatty acid composition,inorganic element composition and other characteristics,and based on spectral and chemical composition data combined with chemometric methods to classify and discriminate sample.The results show that:（1）Mid infrared spectrum:The mid infrared spectrum of cornua Procapra gutturosa,Capra sibirica hollow horns and Argali horns shows a large number of keratin components,mainly shows the characteristics of amide and lipid components,Among them,1655 cm^-1belongs to the vibration of amide I band,1543 cm^-1belongs to the vibration of amide II band,1452 cm^-1belongs to theδ（CH₂）,and 1080 cm^-1belongs to theν_s(PO^2-).The absorption of 564cm^-1,603cm^-1,963cm^-1and 1032cm^-1is characteristic peak of Ca₃（Po₄）₂,which is different from other kinds of experimental samples.The infrared spectrum of rhinoceros horn contains amino acid,phospholipid acid and taurine.Near infrared spectrum:The near infrared absorption spectrum of samples is similar,mainly concentrated in the band of 4000-5200cm^-1,belonging to the double frequency and combined frequency absorption bands of hydrogen groups such as CH,NH,OH,etc.Ultraviolet spectrum:With 40%methanol solution as solvent,the ultraviolet absorption of rhinoceros horns are obvious,the main peak are located at 207nm,and the other samples are located near 197nm.（2）Chemical composition analysis:Amino acid composition:of the 17 amino acids measured in the samples,the total amount of amino acids in cornua Procapra gutturosa,Capra sibirica hollow horns and Argali hornsare relatively close,which are 991.25mg.g^-1,972.63mg.g^-1and962.54mg.g^-1respectively.The bone component of cornua Procapra gutturosa block is significant,its amino acid content is relatively low,about 341.72 mg.g^-1,and the rhinoceros horns are about 481.01 mg.g^-1.The amino acid nutritional value of cornua Procapra gutturosa,cornua Procapra gutturosa block,Capra sibirica hollow horns,Argali horns and rhinoceros horns was evaluated by amino acid scoring method,the SRC were 68.799,66.522,61.820,71.907 and 58.868,respectively.From this point of view,the samples had certain nutritional value.Fatty acid composition:There are 4,7,10,4 and 13 kinds of fatty acids in these samples..The samples all contain palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,and linoleic acid.Inorganic elements:10 kinds of inorganic elements were measured in samples.The contents of Ca,P,Mg,Na in cornua Procapra gutturosa block were rich and significantly higher than those in other experimental samples,the contents were 222555.70mg.kg^-1,109766.00mg.kg^-1,3861.76mg.kg^-1,7072.47mg.kg^-1,respectively.The content of Ca in the cornua Procapra gutturosa is 1539.97mg.kg^-1and Na in Argali horns is relatively high（748.56 mg.kg-1）。（3）PCA-FDA model and PCA-BPANN model were established based on infrared spectrum.The results showed that the accuracy of PCA-FDA model was 97.2%for the original cases,and88.9%for the cross validation cases;The comprehensive discrimination accuracy of PCA-BPANN model is 91.65%.Based on the fatty acid data of samples and the method of system cluster analysis,the samples are classified.The results show that when the distance between the samples is 1,the samples can be effectively separated.Based on the analysis of the inorganic elements and the principal component analysis nonparametric test model,which can clearly distinguish the cornua Procapra gutturosa and its analogues.