| As a national strategic resource,Chinese medicine resources are related to the development of Chinese medicine industry and Chinese medicine in China,and ethnic medicine resources are an important part of Chinese medicine resources.The root,flower,stem and fruit parts of some herbal resources usually contain the same kinds of chemical components and medicinal effects,but due to the lack of scientific knowledge,the non-traditional medicinal parts are often discarded;in addition,the lack of scientific knowledge on the rational use and development of medicinal plant resources,coupled with the profit-driven over-harvesting,land clearing and grazing,have caused a serious waste of medicinal plant resources.Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix,as one of the main local medicinal herbs of Tibetan medicine,is used to dispel wind-dampness,clear damp-heat and relieve paralysis and pain;while the flowers are widely used in Tibetan and Mongolian communities to treat edema,yellow water disease,cough,joint swelling and pain.It can be seen that besides the medicinal effect of the root,the flower of G.Macrophyllae is also of great medicinal value,and the chemical composition is the material basis for the medicinal effect of G.Macrophyllae.Therefore,in order to investigate the potential medicinal value of the non-medicinal parts of G.Macrophyllae.,this experiment was based on Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-offlight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）to investigate the potential medicinal value of the non-medicinal parts of（G.macrophylla Maxim.,G.crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.and G.dahurica Fisch.）,combined with metabolomics to compare the metabolic differences between the above-ground parts and underground roots,to screen out the marker identifiers,and to scientifically investigate and evaluate the medicinal value of G.Macrophyllae.;and to analyze the prototypical components and metabolites in blood after gavage of the alcoholic extract of G.Macrophyllae.We also analyzed the prototype components and metabolites in blood after gavage of the alcoholic extract of G.Macrophyllae.and inferred its metabolic pathways,so as to provide a reference for the clinical application and further development of G.Macrophyllae.1.Analysis of chemical constituents in different parts of Gentiana straminea based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technologyA total of 68 components including 24 iridoids,13 flavonoids,8 triterpenoids,6xanthones,5 fatty acids,4 sugars,3 phenolic glycosides,2 alkaloids,2 sterols and 1lignan were preliminarily identified from the aerial parts of G.straminea by UPLC-QTOF-MS / MS.42 components were firstly reported in 4 Gentiana species included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia,including xanthones which had rich pharmacological activities.8 differential indicators were screened and identified,namely sucrose,maltotriose,loganic acid,shanzhiside methyl ester,6′-O-β-Dglycopyranosyl gentiopicrin,swertiamarin,gentiopicrin and lsovitexin.The aboveground parts of Gentiana straminea are rich in chemical species which have good medicinal potential.There were significant differences in chemical components between the aboveground part and the underground root of G.straminea,and the difference components were mainly active component iridoids,which provided a basis for exploring the efficacy differences in different parts of G.straminea.2.Analysis of three chemical components of Gentianae Macrophyllae based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS histological techniqueWith the utilization of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique,the chemical constituents of different parts of three G.Macrophylla species（G.macrophylla.,G.crassicaulis.and G.dahurica.）were systematically resolved,and a total of 112 chemical constituents were identified,among which eight compounds were found for the first time among the four Gentiana species specified in the pharmacopoeia,and the chemical profiles of different parts of the three Gentiana species were constructed.Twenty-one differential characteristic markers were screened by metabolomics technology,including cyclic enol ether terpenoid-based,flavonoid and triterpenoid components.Among them,sweretin was the common differential component of the metabolites in the roots of G.Macrophylla.Comparison of the relative abundance maps of the differential compounds showed that the roots of G.Macrophylla.contained more cyclic enol ether terpenoids,while the above-ground parts were richer in triterpenoids and flavonoids;in addition,there was no variability in the types of chemical components of different varieties of G.Macrophylla.,but their contents were significantly different.In addition,the characteristic differential components such as strychnoside and gentian bitter glycoside and swertia bitter glycoside,kaempferol,ursolic acid and maslinic acid have pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory or analgesic,which,together with the core concept of Q-marker,can be used as quality markers of G.Macrophylla.to further improve the quality evaluation system of G.Macrophylla.3.Analysis of constituents in SD rats after administration of alcoholic extract of Gentiana straminea.japonicum based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS techniqueIn this study,28 prototypical components and metabolites,including 5prototypical components and 23 related metabolites,were initially identified in the plasma of G.straminea alcoholic extract after gavage in SD rats using UPLC-Q-TOFMS/MS technique.The metabolic pathways involved were hydrolysis,reduction,oxidation,glucuronidation and sulfonation reactions;the five prototype components identified,namely gentian bitter glucoside,swertia bitter glucoside,strychnine acid,mannose triose and ursolic acid,could be used as multiple quality control components.4.SummaryIn this study,the above-ground parts（flowers,stems and leaves）and underground parts（roots）of wild G.macrophylla.（G straminea.,G.crassicaulis.and G.dahurica.）.Samples from different regions of Qinghai were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique to complete the comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of the above-ground parts,and to observe the similarity of the chemical composition of the above-ground parts and the roots in combination with metabolomics analysis,and to screen the differential components for the expansion of The analysis of the chemical composition of the above-ground parts of G.macrophylla.was completed and combined with metabolomics analysis.Secondly,the metabolite analysis of the alcoholic extract of G.macrophylla.treated with gavage in SD rats for the first time and the speculation of its metabolic pathways are useful for the comprehensive understanding of the comprehensive pharmacological effects of medicinal substances of G.macrophylla.. |
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