| Background:Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common clinical diseases in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,with a worldwide prevalence of 10%-40%,and the incidence is still on the rise,seriously affecting the health and life quality of patients,and resulting in a heavy social burden.Therefore,how to prevent and treat allergic rhinitis has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad.At present,many areas of the country have accumulated rich data on the epidemiology of allergic rhinitis,which provides a basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.However,the geographical environment,climatic conditions,human factors and economic development of different regions are very different,resulting in different epidemiological distribution characteristics.Therefore,it is very important to study the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis in respective area,so as to take corresponding preventive measures to deal with potential risks and threats.Objective:To reveal the epidemiological rules of allergic rhinitis in Shiyan and surrounding areas and initially explore the reasons for its distribution differences by investigating the epidemiological data of patients with allergic rhinitis in Shiyan and surrounding areas,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of more comprehensive and specific strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in this region,and the relevant research results can provide a reference for the relevant health departments to formulate prevention and control policies.Methods:The questionnaire was distributed through the Internet,and the"Questionnaire of Allergic Rhinitis in Outpatient Clinic of Shiyan and Surrounding Areas"was used to collect the relevant data of patients suspected of allergic rhinitis in the outpatient clinic of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Taihe Hospital from August 2019 to January 2021,and the questionnaire data were imported into SPSS software.Then the data of clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis patients were screened according to the results of Dermatophagoides farinae skin prick test.After checking and sorting,the distribution of clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis in different genders,ages,education levels,occupations,income levels,time,regions and different types of allergic rhinitis,combined with other allergic diseases and family history of allergic diseases,related inducing factors,cognitive and treatment status of allergic rhinitis,distribution of the positive results of Dermatophagoides farinae skin prick test and the influence of gender,age,the types of allergic rhinitis,the number of allergic diseases and the family history of allergic diseases on the positive intensity of Dermatophagoides farinae skin prick test were statistically analyzed.Results:1.Among the 1086 valid questionnaires,a total of 806 patients were clinically diagnosed as allergic rhinitis by Dermatophagoides farinae skin prick test,with an overall positive rate of 74.2%.2.Among the patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis,there were 430 males and376 females,the positive rates were 76.4%and 71.9%,respectively,and the difference between them was not statistically significant(χ~2=2.848,P=0.091>0.05).The main age of the disease was young and middle-aged(20-40 years old),and the least in the age group of>60 years old,8 cases(1.0%).There was significant difference in the positive rate of allergic rhinitis among different age groups(χ~2=40.795,P=0.000<0.05).In terms of occupation distribution,the majority are students,staff,institutions and workers,with fewer farmers.There was significant difference in the positive rate of allergic rhinitis among different occupations(χ~2=36.074,P=0.000<0.05).In terms of education level distribution,there was significant difference in the positive rate of allergic rhinitis among different education levels(χ~2=34.726,P=0.000<0.05).In the distribution of income level,the monthly proportion of 3000-6000 yuan accounted for the highest proportion(56.6%),and there was significant difference in the positive rate of allergic rhinitis among different income levels(χ~2=7.435,P=0.024<0.05).3.The positive rate of allergic rhinitis in Shiyan and surrounding areas was higher in urban areas than in market towns and rural areas,and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=8.182 and 14.171,P=0.004 and 0.000,respectively).In terms of time distribution,the higher incidence of allergic rhinitis in this area is in spring and winter.Most of the seasonal characteristics of seizures in patients are perennial seizures,but with seasonal aggravation.4.Among the patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis,there were 427 cases of intermittent allergic rhinitis and 379 cases of persistent allergic rhinitis,the positive rates were 69.7%and 80.1%respectively,and there was significant difference between the two groups(χ~2=15.293,P=0.000<0.05).There were 178 cases of mild allergic rhinitis(22.1%)and 628 cases of moderate-severe allergic rhinitis(77.9%).The positive rates were 63.3%and 78.0%respectively,and the difference between the two positive rates was statistically significant(χ~2=23.417,P=0.000<0.05).5.Among the 806 patients with allergic rhinitis,120 patients were accompanied by other allergic diseases(14.9%)and 686 cases were not accompanied by other allergic diseases(85.1%),and the positive rates were 86.3%and 72.4%respectively.The difference between the two positive rates was statistically significan(χ~2=12.224,P=0.000<0.05).In terms of family history of allergic diseases,there are 216 cases with family history and 590 cases without family history,the positive rates are 82.1% and 71.7%respectively,and there was significant difference between the two groups(χ~2=11.353,P=0.001<0.05).6.Cognitive status of allergic rhinitis:among the patients surveyed,565 cases(52.0%)knew about allergic rhinitis,248 cases(22.8%)treated allergic rhinitis as a cold,and 422 cases(38.9%)thought that allergic rhinitis was a disease that could be cured completely.In the past year,206 cases(19.0%)had sought medical treatment for symptoms such as nasal discomfort,of which 128 cases(62.1%)were clinically diagnosed as allergic rhinitis.7.Generally speaking,the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in Shiyan and its surrounding areas was mainly induced by cold air,changes in temperature,followed by dust,irritating odor,cotton wool and pollen.8.In this study,there were significant differences in the positive intensity of Dermatophagoides farinae skin prick test among different age groups(χ~2=36.435,P=0.000<0.05).There was no significant difference in the distribution of gender,family history of allergic diseases and number of allergic diseases.In the different classifications of allergic rhinitis,the difference in the positive intensity of Dermatophagoides farinae skin prick test in patients with persistent and intermittent allergic rhinitis patients was statistically significant(Z=1.999,P=0.046<0.05),but there was no significant difference between mild and moderate-severe allergic rhinitis patients(Z=0.483,P=0.629>0.05).Conclusion:The positive rate of allergic rhinitis in Shiyan and surrounding areas is high,but the cognitive status is poor.The related factors include age,education level,income level,occupation,residence,type of allergic rhinitis,family history of allergic diseases,combination of other allergic diseases,etc.The predisposing factors mainly include cold air,changes in temperature,dust,irritating odor,cotton wool,pollen,etc.The positive intensity of Dermatophagoides farinae skin prick test was statistically different in the distribution of different age groups,but there was no significant relationship with gender,number of allergic diseases and family history.Through this study,we preliminarily revealed the epidemiological situation of allergic rhinitis in Shiyan and its surrounding areas,improved the epidemiological data of allergic rhinitis in northwest Hubei,and it was helpful to formulate the relevant prevention and treatment strategies of allergic rhinitis based on this research.So as to improve the quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis,reduce the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and promote economic and social development. |
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