A Study On Nutritional Risk And Its Influencing Factors In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Objective:Through the investigation of the level of nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure,we can understand the current situation of nutritional risk,identify the influencing factors of nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure,and establish a structural equation model of nutritional risk and influencing factors.To explore its effect on nutritional risk,so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical nutritional treatment and early key intervention in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods:This study belongs to the cross-sectional study in the non-experimental study.A total of 339 inpatients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the department of cardiology of one Grade 3A general hospital and two second-class general hospitals in Yichang were selected by convenient sampling.General data questionnaire,Nutritional Risk Screening Scale 2002,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,Social Support Rating Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale were used to investigate.SPSS26.0 and AMOS22.0 were used to analyze the collected data.Results:(1)The total average score of nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure was(3.93±1.80).Those with nutritional risk accounted for 74%and those without nutritional risk accounted for 26%.The patients with advanced age,low education level,accurate poverty alleviation,living with their children,taking drugs,dyspnea,edema,abnormal albumin and hemoglobin,grade IV of heart function,anxiety and depression,low social support and poor sleep quality had higher nutritional risk scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,education,medical insurance,living status,edema,normal albumin and hemoglobin,anxiety,social support and sleep were important influencing factors of nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure(P<0.05).The determination coefficient of the regression model R~2was 0.618,and the adjusted determination coefficient R~2was0.591.(3)The results of structural equation model analysis showed that anxiety and sleep had a positive effect on nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure (β=0.131,P=0.017;β=0.123,P=0.028).Social support had a negative effect on nutritional risk in patients with chronic heart failure(β=-0.580,P<0.001),and anxiety and sleep could indirectly affect nutritional risk through social support,accounting for 56.77%and61.92%of the total effects,respectively.Conclusion:(1)The nutritional risk status of patients with chronic heart failure can not be ignored.2/3 of patients have nutritional risk.It is necessary to pay attention to the nutritional risk of patients with chronic heart failure.(2)Age,education level,medical insurance,living status,edema,normal albumin and hemoglobin,anxiety,social support and sleep are important factors affecting the nutritional risk of patients with chronic heart failure.(3)Anxiety,social support and sleep in patients with chronic heart failure can directly affect nutritional risk.While social support as an intermediary variable,anxiety and sleep can indirectly affect nutritional risk through social support.