| Natural xanthones belong to secondary metabolites derived from the downstream route of the oxalic acid pathway in plants.Their chemical structures are novel;and they have a broad spectrum of effectively pharmacological activities.In this paper,111 newly discovered xanthones and their biological activities in the plants from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed in order to provide scientific basis for the research and development of ketones xanthones from Garcinia.Garcinia bracteata belongs to Garcinia(family:Guttiferae),which mainly distributes in southern of Yunnan and Guangxi province.It has been reported that xanthones and biphenyl derivativesisolated from stems,branches and leaves of G.bracteate showed different degree of inhibition growth against tumor cells.In order to fully utilize medicinal plant resources and explore more anti-tumor components,the chemical constituents of the fruits of this plant had been systematically studied,and all isolated compounds were evaluated by anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity.Compounds(1-21)were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate extract of G.bracteata fruits,including 4 aromatic compounds(1-4),which were identified as(1)benzoic acid;(2)4-hydroxybenzoic acid;(3)4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid;p-(4)hydroxycinnamic acid;15 xanthones compounds(5-19),which were identified as(5)2,3’,5-trihydroxy benzophenone;(6)1,7-dihydroxyxanthone;(7)1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone;(8)hyperxanthone D;(9)1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenyl)-xanthone;(10)assiguxanthone A;(11)(1,1-dimethylprop-2-penyl)-7(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone;(12)bracteaxanthone XI;(13)1,3,3-Trihydroxy-6’,6’-dimethylpyrano-(2’,3’:6,7)-4-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-penyl)-xanthone;(14)garcibracteamone J;(15)garcibracteamone K;(16)1,5,6-Trihydroxy-4’,5’-dihydro-4’,4’,5’-trime-thylfurano-(2’,3’:3,4)-xanthone;(17)garcibracteamone L;(18)neobractatin;(19)garcibracteamone D;and 2 polycyclic polyprenylated phloroglucinols(PPAPs,20-21),which were identified as(20)doitunggarcinones A;(21)garcibracteatone.Compounds 14 and 15 were a pair of new isoprenylated xanthone stereoisomers;compound 17 is a new caged polyprenylated xanthone,compounds 9 and 11 were firstly found and isolated from Garcinia;compounds 7,13 and 16 were isolated from G.bracteata for the first time.Based on chemical separation experiments and structural identification,their antiproliferative activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated on human pleomorphic malignant glioma cells(T98),human hepatocellular carcinoma cells(HepG2),and human breast cancer cells(MCF-7).Those results revealed that compounds 11,13 and 18 showed good anti-tumor activity on T98 cancer cells with IC50 values of 14.44,15.01,3.21 μM respectively;compound 11,18 showed good anti-tumor activity on HepG2 with IC50 values of 17.19,5.11 μM;compound 18 showed good anti-tumor activity on MCF-7 with IC50 values of 6.27 μM.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds(1-21)were evaluated by using lipopolysaccharide--(stimulated RAW 264.7)as an inflammation model.The results showed that compound 13,18 could inhibit NO production in the inflammation model with IC50 values of 10.68,1.77 μM.Other compounds had no obvious anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activitiesOverall,these results showed that the fruit of G.bracteata contained diverse structure compounds,and xanthones showed good anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity,which were mainly active constituents.It indicated that G.bracteata had a high potential research value in the development of new anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory drugs. |
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