| Background Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are a common cause of death and an important research content in health geography.It is generally believed that the mineral supplements of residents mainly come from the daily diet,but the dietary nutrition survey of residents found that the mineral intake from the diet is very low,and minerals such as calcium are not even half of RNIs.Studies have shown that drinking water can be a good source of mineral supplements such as calcium and magnesium.Hard water is rich in minerals such as calcium and magnesium,and plays a vital role in the electrophysiological activities of the heart.Some scholars have reported that hard water can reduce sudden death caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and may also cause the death rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.An important cause of regional differences.In this study,through descriptive epidemiological statistical analysis of the monitoring data of the death causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in residents of Luocheng Mulam Autonomous County(hereinafter referred to as Luocheng County)from 2013 to 2018,this study understands the death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Luocheng County,Development trends and causes of death,analysis of causes of death,probability of early death,temporal and spatial changes,etc.,and explore the relationship between mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and total hardness of drinking water in Xiaochang’an Town and Baotan Township in Luocheng City.Provide scientific basis and clues to formulate prevention and treatment strategies for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Materials and methods Part 1:Collect the death and population data of residents’cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from 2013 to 2018 from the Luocheng County Resident Cause Registration Report Information System,classify and code according to ICD-10,and use Excel2010 and SPSS 23.0software for statistical analysis,Chi-square test was used for two or more mortality rates,trend chi-square test was used for time and age series mortality rate,and the trend of early death probability was determined by linear regression model F test.P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.Based on the geographic information system(GIS),the inverse distance weighting(IDW)interpolation model is used to compile the zoning map to describe the spatiotemporal trend of death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Part II:In 2019,according to GB/T 5750-2006"Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water",a total of 154 samples of drinking water were tested for the total hardness of drinking water in each village of Xiaochang’an Town and Baotan Township.Correlation analysis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases and heart disease mortality in 2018.Excel2010 was used for data collation and SPSS 23.0 software was used for rank sum test,chi-square test and correlation analysis.P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.Results Part I;(1)From 2013 to 2018,Luocheng County had 5475 deaths due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,a crude death rate of 291.42per 100,000,and a standardized mortality rate of 248.68 per 100,000.39.99%of deaths.The mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases showed an upward trend in the past 6 years(χ~2=17.48,P<0.001),with slight fluctuations.(2)The 6-year mortality of male cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was 339.20/100,000 and the standardized mortality was 336.11/100,000;the female mortality was 240.93/100,000 and the standardized mortality was 170.94/100,000.The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality rate in males was higher than that in females(χ~2=155.991,P<0.001).During the six years,the mortality rate of male and female cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases showed an upward trend by chi-square test(χ~2 were13.118 and 4.777,respectively,P<0.05).(3)The difference in mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was statistically significant by chi-square test(χ~2=22921.707,P<0.001)between different age groups;the average mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the 0-44 age group during 6years 24.62/100,000,45.64-year-old age group is 244.660/100,000,65-84-year age group is 160.03/100,000,85-year-old and above age group is8285.31/100,000.The death rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases showed a clear upward trend with age,and the 65-84-year-old age group began to increase sharply.(4)The average mortality of different nationalities of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in Luocheng County from 2013 to 2018 was statistically significant by chi-square test(χ~2=18.604,P<0.001),and the highest average mortality was Zhuang(310.05)(100,000/100,000),followed by Han(282.23/100,000),Mulao(281.16/100,000),and other ethnic groups(220.80/100,000).From 2013 to 2018,the mortality rate of the Han people showed a downward trend(χ~2=4.425,P<0.001),the mortality rate of the Zhuang people showed an upward trend(χ~2=13.314,P<0.001),and the Mulam and other ethnic groups died The rate did not change significantly within six years(P>0.05).(5)The life expectancy of Luocheng County residents fluctuated from2013 to 2018.Among them,the life expectancy of males increased from 70.61years to 73.17 years,and females increased from 80.49 years to 81.72 years.After removing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,the increased life expectancy from 2013 to 2018 was 5.49 years,4.01 years,5.44 years,6.44years,7.34 years,and 7.05 years.After 6 years of removal of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,the average increase in life expectancy was 5.96 years,of which 5.99 years for men and 5.64 years for women.(6)From 2013 to 2018,the top three deaths of cardio-cerebrovascular disease in residents of the Luocheng County death cause monitoring site were due to cerebrovascular disease(187.41/10 million),ischemic heart disease(62.54/10 million),and other types of heart disease 27.89/100,000),accounting for 95.34%of all deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and is the main cause of death from monitoring cerebrovascular diseases in Luocheng County.(7)The probability of early death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Luocheng County fluctuated between 8.93%-11.25%from 2016 to2018,and the APC was 2.73%.There was no statistically significant difference in change trend(F=2.62,P=0.525).Among them,the probability of male early death showed an upward trend(P<0.05),and the probability of early death in different years was that males were significantly greater than females.(8)2016-2018 Luocheng County has the highest mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Baotan Township,and it decreases radially around Baotan Township;the towns with lower mortality rates are farther from Baotan Township Huaiqun Town,Tianhe Town,Sijia Town and Xiaochang’an Town.Part II:The median water hardness of each village in Xiaochangan Town is300.20mg/l,and the median water hardness of each village in Baotan Township is 16.20mg/l.The total hardness of drinking water in Xiaochangan Town is better than Baobao Tan Township is 18.5 times higher,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.01);6-year death cause monitoring results show that the average mortality rate of cardio-cerebrovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease,and heart disease in Baotan Township is significantly higher than that of Xiaochang’an Town in 6 years.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.001);except for the correlation between the average mortality of cerebrovascular disease and the total hardness of water quality in the entire population(P>0.05),the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Xiaochang’an Town and Baotan Township,There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the 6-year average mortality of heart disease and the elderly aged 65 years and over in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and heart disease(P<0.01).Conclusion Part I:(1)The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Luocheng County from 2013 to 2018 generally shows the main body regularity,that is,in the main ethnic groups(Han,Zhuang and Mulao),the main age group(45 years old and above),The main diseases(cerebrovascular diseases and heart diseases)and the mortality rate of males,females and the general population showed a slight upward trend,which generally shows that the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Luocheng County still need to be strengthened.(2)Cerebrovascular disease and heart disease are the main causes of death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Luocheng County in the past6 years,suggesting that the prevention and control of these two major diseases should be strengthened,and targeted prevention and control should be adopted.Measures.(3)The overall mortality rate,early death probability and increased life expectancy of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in males are significantly higher than that of females,and life expectancy is lower than that of females.Results suggest that the health of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in male residents should be paid more attention as a whole Propaganda and prevention work.(4)The death rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is highly correlated with age,and most cases are concentrated at 45 years of age or older,indicating that the relevant preventive measures and health education for the middle-aged and elderly population are particularly important.(5)There are differences in death rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among ethnic groups,suggesting that prevention and control work should pay attention to the special humanities and natural environment in ethnic communities.(6)There are differences in death rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in different towns and towns.The death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the county has a certain spatial aggregation.Part II:The average mortality rate of cardio-cerebrovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease,and heart disease in residents of Baotan Township who have been drinking soft water for a long time(average total hardness of only19.91 mg/L)is significantly higher than drinking hard water(average hardness of 288.60 mg/L)Xiaochang’an Town,the results suggest that the total hardness of drinking water quality may be a protective factor for the death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,which needs to be further verified by studies such as crowd cohort. |
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