Classification And Identification Of Five Species Of Salix And The Study On Their Main Active Components

As one of the green vegetation crops in many provinces and cities in China,Salix is widely distributed and rich in resources.It can be used not only as building materials,furniture,but also as health products and medicine.However,the classification of Salix and its medicinal ingredients and therapeutic effects are difficult problems in China and the world.This paper reviews the literature review,the identification of Salix and the content of active ingredients in it.Literature review:Through reviewing the literature,the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Salix are summarized and reviewed,which provides theoretical support for the identification and composition determination of Salix plants.In this study,some of the leaves of Salix plant collected from the Harbin Botanical Garden and Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used as materials to classify the willow plants and determine the total concentration of flavonoids and proanthocy anidins,and select samples by HPLC.The mass concentration of luteolin was measured,and the change was observed and analyzed.In this experiment,the selected specimens of Salix were firstly examined,and their appearance traits were observed.Then the microscopic observation of the leaves and the scanning electron microscopy were carried out.The above three points were combined to identify the species of Salix.In order to make the active ingredients in the leaves of the collected Salix plants more fully and evenly extracted,the collected leaves were dried and pulverized and passed through a 30 mesh screen.In this experiment,the total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins in the leaves samples of Salix were extracted with ethanol solution as extracting solvent.Then the mass concentration of total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins in the leaves of the samples were detected by UV-vi sible spectrophotometry.Extraction of luteolin in the sample we chose ethanol as the extraction solvent,and used the L9(34)orthogonal experiment to optimize the extraction process of luteolin,and optimized it.The extraction method was used to extract the samples collected by Harbin Botanical Garden,and the fingerprints of the samples were analyzed with luteolin as a component of known mass concentration.The experimental results are as follows:1.Through the appearance traits of the collected Salix plants and the results of microscopic observation and scanning electron microscopy,the collected samples can be identified as Salix cheilophila,Salix matsudana Koidz,Salix triandra L,Salix babylonica and Salix matsudana.2.Using the ethanol solution reflux extraction method to extract the pulverized leaf powder,accurately measure the sample 4g,add 120mL of ethanol with a concentration of 50%,reflux for 1 h,and determine the total sample by UV-vi sible spectrophotometry.Flavor and proanthocyanidin mass concentration.The results showed that:(1)The total flavonoids content in the leaves of Salix psammophila was the highest,and the total flavonoids content in the leaves of S.chinensis was the lowest.The total flavonoids concentration of Salix in each variety was 6,7,8,and 9.The monthly changes are relatively large,and the trend of change is basically reduced first,then increased,and then increased.The total flavonoids concentration in July is the lowest,and the total flavonoids concentration in June and September is higher than that in each month;(2)The variation trend of the original anthocyanin concentration of Salix is basically increased with the increase of the month.Therefore,the proanthocyanidin content of each variety reached the highest in September,with the highest of the Salix matsudana Koidz and the lowest of the Salix babylonica.3.The high-efficiency liquid phase conditions of the luteolin in the leaves of Salix were studied on the campus of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The UV detection wavelength was 3 50 nm and the mobile phase was determined.Acetonitrile-0.1%acetic acid aqueous solution,gradient elution procedure:0～15min,acetonitrile 10%～20%;15～40min,acetonitrile 20%;40～50min,acetonitrile 20%～30%;injection volume 10μL,column temperature 25℃.The samples were eluted according to the above conditions to obtain the relative content of luteolin.The factors of ethanol concentration,extraction time,ratio of material to liquid and extraction times were selected as factors influencing the extraction conditions of luteolin.Orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the extraction method of luteolin in willow leaves.From the data obtained,the extraction times were the main factors affecting the extraction of luteolin in the leaves of the willow,the extraction time and the ethanol concentration.The optimized extraction process was as follows:the ethanol concentration of the extract was 80%,the extraction time was 4 h,the ratio of material to liquid was 1:25,and the number of extractions was 3 times.4.The leaves of Salix matsudana Koidz and Salix babylonica were extracted according to the best extraction process.The samples were analyzed by the software traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system(2012 version).The results showed that the similarity of the fingerprints of the leaves of the Salix matsudana Koidz and Salix babylonica,all of them are greater than 0.9,and the similarity is higher.Among them,there are 4 common peaks in the Salix matsudana Koidz,and one component is determined,that is,luteolin,and the area is the largest;there are 7 common peaks in the Salix babylonica,and one component is the largest rhinoceros--Glycosides.