| Muscat Ham-burg in Tianjin Hangu area is deeply loved by consumers because of its rich nutrition and unique flavor,at present,it has become one of the main industries in Hangu area.However,in recent years,grape yield and fruit quality have decreased.One of the main reasons is that local fruit farmers have little knowledge of soil and tree nutrition in orchards,traditional fertilization methods are still widely used in actual production,resulting in the loss or excess of nutrients in soil and tree,affecting the development of grape industry in this area.Therefore,in this study,high-yield orchards(>1500kg/667m~2)、middle-yield orchards(1000kg～1500kg/667m~2)and low-yield orchards(<1000kg/667m~2)were selected as samples in Tianjin Hangu.Soil nutrients(total N,total P,total K,available N,available P,available K,available Ca,available Mg,available Fe,available Cu,available Mn,available Zn,effective B),plant leaf nutrients(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn,B),and fruit quality(single fruit weight,fruit firmness,fruit shape index,soluble solids,water content,Vc content,titratable acid content)were determined.The differences of soil nutrient indices and leaf nutrient indices in Vineyard with different yields,correlation between soil nutrition and leaf nutrition,correlation between soil nutrition and vineyard yield and fruit quality,correlation between leaf nutrition and vineyard yield and fruit quality were analyzed.The restrictive factors that caused the decline of yield and quality of grape were found out.It provides a basis for the determination of fertilization period,amount and types.The results show that:(1)There were significant differences in soil organic matter,total K,available K,available Ca and available Zn in different yields of Vineyard.The content of soil organic matter in high-yield orchards was 2.30%,which was significantly higher than that in middle-yield orchards and low-yield orchards(45%-66%).There was no significant difference between middle-yield orchards and low-yield orchards(1.4-1.6%).The total K content in soils of high-yielding orchards was 3.65%,1.89 times that of middle-yielding orchards(1.93%)and 3 times that of low-yielding orchards(1.21%).The content of total K in high-yield orchards was significantly higher than that in middle-yield orchards and low-yield orchards.The content of total K in middle-yield orchards was 1.59 times higher than that in low-yield orchards.The content of available potassium in high-yielding orchards was 311.37mg/kg,1.84 times that in middle-yielding orchards(168.44 mg/kg)and 4.17 times that in low-yielding orchards(74.64 mg/kg).Soil available potassium content in high-yielding orchards was significantly higher than that in middle-yielding orchards,and that in middle-yielding orchards was significantly higher than that in low-yielding orchards.Soil available potassium content in middle-yielding orchards was 2.25 times higher than that in low-yielding orchards.The soil available Ca content in high-yield orchards was 0.09%,1.5times that in middle-yield orchards(0.06%)and 4.5 times that in low-yield orchards(0.02%).The content of available Ca in high-yield orchards was significantly higher than that in middle-yield orchards,and that in middle-yield orchards was significantly higher than that in low-yield orchards.The content of available Ca in middle-yield orchards was three times higher than that in low-yield orchards.There was no significant difference in soil available zinc content between high-yield orchards and middle-yield orchards,ranging from 1.7 mg/kg to 2.1 mg/kg.The soil available zinc content in high-yield orchards and middle-yield orchards was significantly higher than that in low-yield orchards(1.1 mg/kg).The soil available zinc content was 1.54-1.90 times higher than that in low-yield orchards.There was no significant difference in other soil nutrient p H,N,P,Mg,Fe,Cu,Mn and B contents.(2)There were significant differences in K,Ca,Mg and Zn contents in leaves of vineyards with different yields.K content in leaves of high-yield orchards was 2.10%,1.65times that of middle-yield orchards(1.27%)and 2.59 times that of low-yield orchards(0.81%).K content in leaves of high-yield orchards was significantly higher than that of middle-yield orchards.K content in leaves of middle-yield orchards was significantly higher than that of low-yield orchards.K content in leaves of middle-yield orchards was 1.56 times higher than that of low-yield orchards.Ca content in leaves of high-yielding orchards was 1.77%,1.53times that of middle-yielding orchards(1.15%)and 2.80 times that of low-yielding orchards(0.63%).Ca content in leaves of high-yielding orchards was significantly higher than that of middle-yielding orchards.Ca content in middle-yielding orchards was 1.82 times higher than that in low-yielding orchards.The zinc content in leaves of high-yield orchards was 35.22mg/kg,1.48 times that of middle-yield orchards(23.68 mg/kg)and 1.98 times that of low-yield orchards(17.78 mg/kg).The leaf zinc content of high-yield orchard was significantly higher than that of middle-yield orchard,and that of middle-yield orchard was significantly higher than that of low-yield orchard.The leaf zinc content of middle-yield orchard was 1.33 times higher than that of low-yield orchard.The highest content of Mg(0.90-0.93%)in leaves of low-yield orchards was 1.1%,which was 1.08-1.22 times higher than that of high-yield orchards and middle-yield orchards.The Mg content in leaves of low-yield orchards was significantly higher than that of high-yield orchards and middle-yield orchards,but there was no significant difference between high-yield orchards and low-yield orchards.There was no significant difference in N,P,Fe,Cu,Mn and B contents in leaves.(3)There were significant differences in fruit quality of Rose-scented grapes with different yields.The single fruit weight of high-yielding orchards was 7.12g,1.10 times that of middle-yielding orchards(6.41g)and 1.31 times that of low-yielding orchards(5.43g).The single fruit weight of high-yielding orchards was significantly higher than that of middle-yielding orchards and low-yielding orchards,and that of middle-yielding orchards was significantly higher than that of low-yielding orchards,which was 1.18 times higher than that of low-yielding orchards.The fruit firmness of high-yield orchards was 0.54 kg/cm ~2,1.31times of that of middle-yield orchards(0.41 kg/cm~2)and 1.45 times of that of low-yield orchards(0.37 kg/cm~2).The fruit firmness of high-yield orchards was significantly higher than that of middle-yield orchards and low-yield orchards,and that of middle-yield orchards was significantly higher than that of low-yield orchards.The fruit firmness of middle-yield orchards was 1.18 times of that of low-yield orchards.The soluble solids in high-yielding orchards were 17.1%,1.05 times of those in middle-yielding orchards(16.2%)and 1.14 times of those in low-yielding orchards(15.0%).High-yielding orchards were significantly higher than middle-yielding orchards and low-yielding orchards,and middle-yielding orchards were significantly higher than low-yielding orchards.The highest content of Vc was 5.18mg/100g,1.16 times that of middle-yield orchards(4.46 mg/100g)and 1.39 times that of low-yield orchards(3.72 mg/100g).The Vc content of high-yield orchards was significantly higher than that of middle-yield orchards and low-yield orchards.The Vc content of middle-yield orchards was significantly higher than that of low-yield orchards,and was 1.19 times that of low-yield orchards.The titratable acid content in fruits of low-yielding orchards was 0.66%,3.14 times higher than that of high-yielding orchards(0.21%)and 1.24 times higher than that of middle-yield orchards(0.53%).The titratable acid content in fruits of low-yielding orchards was significantly higher than that of middle-yield orchards,which was 2.52 times higher than that of high-yield orchards.(4)In the correlation analysis of soil nutrition and leaf nutrition,leaf N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn,B and corresponding elements N(0.604),P(0.730),K(0.858),Ca(0.944),Mg(0.672),Fe(0.533),Cu(0.572),Mn(0.841),Zn(0.693),B(0.628)were positively correlated.The results showed that with the increase of nutrient elements in soil,the corresponding nutrient elements in leaves would also increase.Soil organic matter was positively correlated with N(0.628),K(0.623),Ca(0.601)and Fe(0.587)in leaves,indicating that soil organic matter promoted leaf absorption of N,K,Ca and Fe.In addition,there are some correlations.Leaf P is negatively correlated with soil p H(-0.541),leaf K is negatively correlated with soil Ca(-0.617)and Mg(-0.759),leaf Ca is negatively correlated with soil K(-0.651)and soil Mg(-0.662),and leaf Mg is negatively correlated with soil K(-0.537)and soil Ca(-0.733).(5)In terms of the correlation between soil nutrition and yield and fruit quality,the contents of soil organic matter,K,Ca and Zn have a great impact on the yield and fruit quality.Soil organic matter was positively correlated with yield(0.931)and fruit weight(0.877),soluble solids(0.612),fruit firmness(0.536)and titratable acid(-0.726).Soil K was positively correlated with yield(0.862),fruit weight(0.842),soluble solids(0.842),fruit firmness(0.688)and Vc content(0.739),and negatively correlated with titratable acid(-0.795).Ca was positively correlated with fruit firmness(0.901),yield(0.602),fruit weight(0.735),soluble solids(0.730),Vc(0.727),and negatively correlated with titratable acid(-0.664).Soil zinc was positively correlated with fruit firmness(0.746),soluble solids(0.660)and fruit Vc(0.640).(6)As for the correlation between leaf nutrition and yield and fruit quality,K content in leaves was positively correlated with yield(0.931)and fruit weight(0.879),and positively correlated with fruit firmness(0.619),soluble solids(0.762),Vc content(0.690),and negatively correlated with titratable acid(-0.736).Ca in leaves was positively correlated with fruit firmness(0.884),and positively correlated with fruit weight(0.707),soluble solids(0.617)and VC content(0.721),negatively correlated with titratable acid content(0.548).Leaf Zn content was positively correlated with soluble solids(0.542)and VC content(0.523),but negatively correlated with titratable acid(-0.577).(7)In a word,the contents of organic matter,K,Ca and Zn in the soil of low-yieldi orchard were lower than those of high-yield orchard,and the contents of K,Ca and Zn in the leaves of low-yield orchard were significantly lower than those of high-yield orchard,but the contents of Mg in the leaves of low-yield orchard were higher than those of high-yield orchard.It is concluded that the low yield of grape is due to the lack of K,Ca and Zn in the plant,and the lack of these three elements in the soil.In addition,because Mg and Fe in leaves are negatively correlated with K and Ca contents in soil,the absorption of Mg and Fe may inhibit the absorption of K and Ca.The contents of K,Ca and Zn in soil and leaves and soil organic matter were positively correlated with grape yield and fruit quality. |
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