Effects Of Different Organic Fertilizer Treatments On Soil And Tree Growth In Apple Orchard

The experiment was conducted at the base of the Modern Fruiter Planting Cooperative in Fengxian County in 2017.The apple variety used in the experiment was ’Yanfu 10,’ and the apple tree was tested as a 4-year-old tree with similar growth and no pests.The test uses a two-factor variable design:five organic fertilizers(cattle manure,pig manure,chicken manure,sheep manure and straw carbon fertilizer)and three fertilization modes(single application of organic fertilizer,application of organic fertilizer and fermented soybeans,application of organic fertilizer and fermented soybeans,calcium nitrate).No fertilization treatment was viewed as control.We had studied that the effects of different organic fertilizer treatments on apple tree growth and development,fruit yield and quality,soil improvement,The research shows that:1 Different organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased the growth potential of fruit trees after adding fermented soybeans and calcium nitrate.The treatment of fermented soybean and calcium nitrate with pig manure had the highest growth length of 29.83 cm and chlorophyll content of 56.21 SPAD,and the fermented soybean with cow dung treatment had the highest leaf area index 6.20.The highest flower bud differentiation rate of the fermented soybean with pig manure treatment was 50.29%.The treatment of fermented soybean and calcium nitrate with cow dung significantly improved the mineral nutrient content in the leaves.Comprehensive analysing of various indicators,the addition of fermented soybeans and calcium nitrate with cow dung or pig manure treatment is the most effective to improve the growth of apple trees.2 After adding fermented soybeans,the organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased fruit yield,fruit weight and sugar-acid ratio compared with the control,but it had little effect on fruit shape index,fruit color and protein content.The comprehensive effect of treatment of fermented soybean with pig manure is the best that the yield per plant reach up to 34.29 kg/plant,the weight of single fruit 340.43 g,the fruit hardness 1.97 lb which is 0.29 1b lower than the control,the soluble solid content(13.83%)which is 0.9%higher than the control,and the Vc content 1.95 mg/100g,the ratio of sugar to acid ratio(49.49)which is 1.61 times that of the control treatment.This treatment improves the nutritional quality of the fruit and increases the yield from multiple targets.3 The content of each nutrient and the number of microorganisms treated of fermented soybean with pig manure have higher number,which is more suitable for the normal growth of apple trees.The surface soil nutrients as follows:organic matter content 2.24%,total nitrogen 0.80 g/kg,effective phosphorus 11.46 mg/kg,and available potassium content 132.75 mg/kg;deep soil organic matter content 1.53%,total nitrogen 0.34 g/kg,effective phosphorus 2.82 mg/kg,available potassium content 51.37mg/kg;soil bacteria number 4.01 ×107 CFU/g,fungus number 2.90×104 CFU/g,the actinomycetes number 1.31 ×106 CFU/g.The microbial activity and conventional nutrient content are higher than other treatments,which is more suitable for apple tree base fertilizer.4 From the analysis of production benefits,the treatment that include fermented soybean with pig manure has the highest benefit that net income per 667 m2 can reach 10156 yuan,and the output ratio is the highest.The results obtained by principal component analysis indicate that fermented soybean with pig manure and cow dung treatments have the highest contribution rate to fruit tree growth and production that their contribution is more than 95%.The choice of this two fertilization combinations is more conducive to the production of apples.Synthesize the above test results,the best fertilization combination which reference 23 kg/strain of pig manure and 0.5 kg/strain of fermented fermented soybeans are applied to the fertilization-ditch after fruit harvesting.