Molecular Phylogeny Of Scaphoideini From China And Review Of The Leafhopper Genus Scaphoideus From Guangxi(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Deltocephalinae)

Scaphoideini,a nomen nudum,was established by Oman in 1943 based on the genus Scaphoideus.This tribe is an ill-defined collection of many genera and the natural relationship among the many included scaphoideini genera is poor understood.The fragments of nuclear 28 SrDNA and mitochondrial 16 SrDNA,12 Sr DNA,COIand H3 partial genes of 35 representative species of 12 genera and two outgroup Japanus hyalinusand Maiestas dorsalis were amplified and sequenced.The aligned sequences are executed in MEGA6.0 to calculate the average content,variable sites,conserved sites,parsimony-informative sitesand the ratio of transition and transversion(Ts/Tv).The pairwise distance was obtained by using Kimura’s 2-parameter model(K2-P).Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were chosen to reconstruct the phylogeny.Moreover,the genus Scaphoideus from Guangxi was reviewed.The results are as follows:1.The sequence of 28 SrDNA of Scaphoideini is 3565 bp in length,including 585 singleton sites,620 conservation sites,2900 variable sites and 2295 parsimony-informative sites,and the percentage of A+T is 42.0%;16Sr DNA is 494 bp in length,including 38 singleton sites,238 conservation sites,256 variable sites and 218 parsimony-informative sites,and the percentage of A+T is 75.2%;COI is 676 bp in length,including 25 singleton sites,381 conservation sites,295 variable sites and 270 parsimony-informative sites,and the percentage of A+T is 66.4%;12Sr DNA is 354 bp in length,including 48 singleton sites,141 conservation sites,213 variable sites and 165 parsimony-informative sites,and the percentage of A+T was 74.8%;H3 is 340 bp in length,including 27 singleton sites,217 conservation sites,123 variable sites and 96 parsimony-informative sites,and the percentage of A+T is 38.2%.2.The smallest genetic distance of 28 SrDNA between outgroup and ingroup is 0.02,and the largest is 0.13;the smallest genetic distance between ingroups is 0.01,and the largest is 0.15,the average distance is 0.03.The smallest genetic distance of 12 S r DNA between outgroup and ingroup is 0.18,and the largest is 0.33;the smallest genetic distance between ingroups is 0.00,and the largest is 0.33,the average distance is 0.19.The smallest genetic distance of 16 S r DNA between outgroup and ingroup is 0.17,and the largest is 0.22;the smallest genetic distance between ingroups is 0.03,and the largest is 0.33,the average distance is 0.16.The smallest genetic distance of COI between outgroup and ingroup is 0.16,and the largest is 0.25;the smallest genetic distance between ingroups is 0.00,and the largest is 0.23,the average distance is 0.19.The smallest genetic distance of H3 between outgroup and ingroup is 0.06,and the largest is 0.24;the smallest genetic distance between ingroups is 0.00,and the largest is 0.24,the average distance is 0.09.3.The ML,BI trees of representative species in the tribe Scaphoideini were reconstructed,and the resulting phylogeny indicated that: the genera Scaphoideus,Scaphoidella,Osbornellus and Platyretus is a monophyletic group respectively;the genera Scaphomonus and Phlogotettix constitute a sister group.The genera Scaphoideus and Scaphomonus have closer relaitionship;The genera Longicornus,Mimotettix and Melanetettix have closer relaitionship.4.Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is one of the China’s richest regions in terms of biodiversity.Previously,only fivespecies of the genus Scaphoideus Uhler have been reported from Guangxi.Here fifteen species of Scaphoideus from Guangxi,including one new species,were recognized: S.exsertus Li,S.albovittatus Matsumura,S.apicalis Li,S.bilineus Li,S.yuani Chen,Dai and Zhang,S.dentaedeagus Li and Wang,S.festivus Matsumura,S.kumamotonis Matsumura,S.maculatus Li,S.nigrigenatus Li,S.nigrisignus Li,S.palingus Li and Dai,S.yingjiangensis Wang and Li,S.zhoui Li and Xing and S.proxaprocessussp.nov.Two new synonyms are revealed,Scaphoideus pristiophorus Kamitani and Hayashi,2013 syn.nov.,a junior synonym of Scaphoideus apicalis Li,1999,and Scaphoideus spiculatus Viraktamath and Mohan,June 2004 syn.nov.,a junior synonym of Scaphoideus yingjiangensis Wang and Li,March 2004.The new species was described,and photographs of external habitus and male genitalia of all the species examined are also given along with a key to the species of the region.The materials examined in this study were deposited in Entomological Museum of Northwest A&FUniversity(NWAFU).