Research On Biological Activity And Phylogeny From Certain Myxomycetes Of Trichiales And Physarales

Myxomycete (slime molds) distributes widely, which is found anywhere in the world，especially in the cool and wet forest. There are various substratums for it.It lives on the surfaceof trees, fallen leaves, wet branches, soil,living plant and animals even fungi. In chemicalaspects, molecular biology and active ingredient development myxomycetes have importanttheoretical and applied value. Myxomycetes are always used as the model organism for cellularsenescence and cancer. Moreover, because of the characteristic of its life circle, there iscontroversy over systematization of myxomycete.156specimens were collected from ChangBai Mountain,which belong to5orders,7families,15genus of Ceratiomyxomycetidae, Myxogastromycetidae and Stemonitomycetidae.66specimens were collected from Daqinggou, which belong to4orders,5families,10genus ofMyxogastromycetidae and Stemonitomycetidae. The growth of Myxomycete has certainselectivity to the substratum types and certain effect. Arcyria, Trichia and Stemonitis lived onlogs. Physarum adapted many substratum types and it need nutrition widely.In this study, cultured plasmodia of5species by liquid methods. The suitable temperatureof Badhamia gracilis is24°C. Lepidoderma tigrinum and Didymium megalosporum is25°C.Fuligo septica is26°C. There is no significant changes for Metatrichia vesparium in23°C-28°C. By studying the different speed to achieve the purpose of optimizing culture.Lepidoderma tigrinum and D. megalosporum fit for lower speed. B. gracilis and F. septica needthe middle speed. There is no significant changes for Metatrichia vesparium to the speed. Itprovides a basis for liquid culture.Based on six kinds of slime molds fruiting body fat soluble ingredient analysis, the resultsfound that: Physarum cinereum fruiting body fat soluble ingredient includes alkane, phenols,steroids, etc. Diderma crustaceum fruiting body fat soluble ingredient includes senior aldehyde,high unsaturated fatty acids, esters, senior high fat hydrocarbon, ethers, unsaturated aldehydesand sterane, etc. Lycogala epidendrum fruiting body fat soluble ingredient includes lipids,ethers, enol, coumaric ketone, etc. Stemonitis splendens fruiting body fat soluble ingredientincludes ester, senior fatty hydrocarbon and high unsaturated fatty acids. Stemonitis flavogenitafruiting body fat soluble ingredient includes senior aldehyde, senior unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, sterols, senior fatty acid,etc. Arcyria obvelata fruiting body fat soluble ingredient includessenior unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, esters, senior fatty acid and so on.The experiment indicated that the six selected samples have the strongest inhibitory effecton Staphylococcus aureus, and the next was followed by Kocuria kristinae, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, and the weakest antibacterial effect on Salmonella typhimurium. D.crustaceum andA.obvelata have the best inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonasaeruginosa; L.epidendrum and S.splendens have strong inhibitiory effect on Staphylococcusaureus and Salmonella typhi; S.flavogenit has the weakest effect on Salmonellatyphi;antibacterial effect of P.cinereum is not obviouson four types of bacteria.The genomic DNA was extracted from the fruiting body of Trichiaceae (Trichia viria,Trichia favoginea, Arcyria occidentalis), and SSU rDNA fragments was obtained by PCRamplification which were compared with registered sequences of myxomycetes of Trichiaceae.The accession numbers are KJ496053,KJ496051,KJ496052.Molecular phylogenetic tree wasestablished based on the maximum likelihood, and their phylogenetic relationships relative toother Trichiaceae species were discussed.