The Status Quo And Influencing Factors Of Self-management During Pregnancy In Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background:Previous research at home and abroad indicated that low self-management level in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)patients would result in harmful effects on the health of infants and themselves.To improve the self-management level of GDM patients,it is better to understand present situation and analysis its influencing factors.Purpose:1)To describe the present situation of self-management level in GDM patients;2)To explore the influencing factors on self-management level in GDM patients.Method:Using the convenience sampling,224 GDM patients were collected at seven governmental hospitals in Beijing.Questionnaires administrated in mobile phone were used to collect information including basic information,self-efficacy scale,hospital anxiety and depression scale,social support questionnaire,knowledge about GDM,and self-management behavior of GDM.Results:(1)Score of every dimension on self-management were listed as follows:dietary 46.51 ±9.90(0-63),80.80%of patients were in the upper middle level;exercise 5.25±2.00(0-7),68.30%of patients were in the upper middle level;glucose self-monitor 11.21±5.21(0-21),39.74%of patients were in the upper middle level;body weight self-management 8.15±4.34(0-14),43.30%of patients were in the upper middle level;taking drug as doctors’ order 3.72 ± 3.51(0-7),55.81%of patients were in the upper middle level;and regular reexamination 6.86±0.91(0-7),98.21%of patients were in the upper middle level.(2)According to the result of multiple linear regression,the influencing factor of dietary self-management included self-efficacy,knowledge on GDM,anxiety,family average monthly income,gestational weeks,which together explained 28.2%of the total variation in dietary self-management.The influencing factor of exercise self-management included self-efficacy and fertilization way,which together explained 14%of the total variation.The influencing factor of glucose self-monitoring included work status during pregnancy,depression,social support,experience of glucose control,knowledge on GDM,and self-efficacy,which can explain 14%of the total variation.The influencing factor of body weight self-management included self-efficacy,which can explain 2.7%of the total variation.The influencing factor of taking medicines with medical advice self-management included knowledge on GDM,experience of glucose control,which can explain 32.8%of the total variation.Conclusion:The current condition of self-management status of GDM patients was not ideal,regular reexamination was the best and glucose self-monitor self-management was the worst.Patients’ self-efficacy,knowledge on GDM,experience of glucose control were the main influential factors.Patients’ self-efficacy affected dietary,exercise,glucose self-monitor,body weight self-management;Patients’ knowledge on GDM affected dietary,exercise,glucose self-monitor,taking drug as doctors’ order self-management;Patients’ experience of glucose control affected body weight self-management and taking drug as doctors,order self-management.Among the modifiable factors,besides self-efficacy and knowledge on GDM,patients’ social support,depression,anxiety,gestational weeks were also the influential factors,however,they explained less of the variance in GDM patient’s self-management.Therefore,further study is necessary to explore the influential factors of self-management more deeply.