| Landscape ecosystem is the result of the interaction between human and nature.With the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization,the ability of human to transform nature and the strength of ask for the natural resources increase,resulting the waste and disorderly expansion of regional land resources.Which have a huge impact on the landscape pattern and ecosystem structure,process and function,leading to the degradation of ecosystem services and seriously affected the sustainable development of urbanized areas.Human well-being is closely related to ecosystem services,in order to improve the value of regional ecosystem services and promote social,economic and ecological sustainable development,it is necessary to optimize the allocation of land use and landscape pattern so as to enhance the diversity and stability of land use landscape ecosystem.Therefore,studying the relationship between land use landscape pattern and ecosystem service value is helpful to understand the influence mechanism between them,and it has important theoretical and practical significance for the study of man-land relationship in the urbanization area,the promotion of the optimal utilization of regional land resources and the construction of a healthy and stable landscape ecosystem.Based on this,this paper takes Xi'an,a rapidly urbanizing area as an example,uses the theories of geography,landscape ecology and ecosystem services,combines remote sensing,GIS spatial analysis,field investigation and the quantitative indicators of landscape pattern.Using the land use transfer matrix,dynamic change model and landscape analysis software Fragstats to analyze the spatial structure characteristics and time changes of the land use landscape pattern in the research area.The ecosystem service value of the research area in 2000,2006 and 2016 was calculated by using the ecosystem service value evaluation method,and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed.Then,this paper analyzes the correlation between the landscape pattern index and ecosystem service value in Xi'an use the correlation analysis method.By constructing the comprehensive analysis framework of land use landscape pattern and ecosystem service value,the influence mechanism between them is discussed.Finally,to improve the value of ecosystem services in Xi'an as the goal,the paper puts forward the optimization strategy of land use landscape pattern.Through the research,the following main conclusions are obtained:(1)In 2000-2016,the area of woodland,cultivated land and waters decreased in the land use landscape types of Xi'an.Among them,the cultivated land mainly turned to construction land and garden plot.The change rate of garden plot landscape area was the largest,with an average annual growth rate of 21.69%.As the two dominant landscape types in Xi'an,the patch shape of cultivated land and woodland tends to be complex and irregular,and the degree of landscape fragmentation increases.The aggregation index of garden plot landscape increased,and the advantage degree of grassland and water landscape was poor.The patch area ratio and largest patch index of the construction land landscape were improved,and the degree of aggregation and dominance were enhanced.At the landscape scale level,the total number of patches and patch density in Xi'an increased first and then decreased from 2000 to 2016,indicating that the landscape shape was more complicated and irregular under the influence of human activities.The interspersion and juxtaposition index of landscape increased,the contagion index declined,and the proximity and dispersion increased among landscape patches.Landscape diversity and evenness index improved,and the landscape heterogeneity of Xi'an increased,presenting a trend of diversification,complication and fragmentation.(2)In 2000,2006 and 2016,the value of ecosystem services in Xi'an was 244.54 billion yuan,242.09 million yuan and 23.357 billion yuan respectively,showing a decreasing trend.The value contribution rate of cultivated land and woodland to ecosystem services is the largest in each land use landscape type,and the value contribution rate of grassland and water landscape is small.The ecosystem services value provided by garden plot landscape increased year by year,with a net increase of 10.14 billion yuan in 16 years.In terms of the ecosystem services value composition,the contribution rate of regulating service value is the largest,and the cultural service is the smallest.In terms of the service value of ecosystem functions,the service value of grain production increased first and then decreased,with a net decrease of 2.55 million yuan in value;the service value of climate regulation was the highest;the service value of gas regulation,water conservation and environmental purification decreased year by year,the reduction rate of service value of soil conservation and nutrients cycle maintenance was 2.55%and 4.99%respectively;the net increase in the service value of biodiversity was 0.34 billion yuan.With the increase of people's demand for spiritual culture,aesthetic landscape in the ecosystem service value has been improved.The spatial distribution of ecosystem service value basically showed the low plain urban built-up area and the high level in the southern Qinling Mountains,and the total value of ecosystem services in all districts and counties decreased from 2000 to 2016.(3)There is a certain correlation between the landscape pattern index and ecosystem service value in the research area.Among them,the number of patches,aggregation index,landscape shape index and perimeter-area fractal dimension have a positive correlation with the ecosystem service value,but patch density was negatively correlated with the ecosystem service value.The increase of the dominant patch types area,the enhancement of the aggregation degree and concentration distribution of each patch promoted the ecosystem service value in the study area,on the contrary,the low dominance and large diversity of landscape,and dispersed distribution of patches reduced the ecosystem service value in the study area.The change of land use landscape pattern has a significant impact on the heterogeneity,diversity and stability characteristics of ecosystem services,which eventually leads to the change of ecosystem service value in the study area.(4)In order to improve the ecosystem service value of the research area,the optimal allocation strategies of land use landscape pattern include:To optimize the land use type and structure,and do a good job of protecting the land;for example:strengthen the management and protection of natural landscape in woodland and water area,rationalize layout of the urban construction land space,adjust the agricultural structure and optimize the agricultural layout,and take measures to protect and govern potential degraded or degraded land.In the landscape pattern of Xi'an City,the optimization scheme of landscape pattern is put forward by constructing the landscape components such as ecological sources,ecological corridors,ecological nodes.Finally,this can improve the regional landscape connectivity,promote the material exchange and energy circulation in the land use landscape ecosystem,and make the landscape function fully play. |
PDF Full Text Request