| Background and purpose:With the increase of age,the decline of motor performance has become an important risk factor affecting the quality of life and independence of the elderly.Therefore,it is of great significance to pay attention to the motor performance of the elderly.Fine movements are small and precise movements produced by individuals with the coordination of nerves,sensations and other aspects with the help of small muscles or small muscle groups such as hands and fingers.Skilled use of hands is considered to be the most important part of exercise ability,and minor dysfunction will seriously affect a person's independent life and quality of life.With the increase of age,the fine hand movements of the elderly show a clear downward trend,but the study of the characteristics and laws of their changes is still far from systematic;Whether the changes of peripheral factors such as hand muscle strength and sensory function caused by aging directly affect the elders' fine motor ability is still inconclusive.This greatly restricts the development of effective interventions.This study starts with the peripheral factors that affect fine movements,compares the differences in multi-dimensional fine movement ability,hand muscle strength and sensory function of middle-aged and elderly women of different ages,comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of changes in fine movement ability of middle-aged and old people,and discusses in depth The main peripheral mechanism of fine motor skills decline.The conclusion of the study will provide valuable theoretical and practical basis for improving the fine movements of middle-aged and elderly people and their independent living ability and quality of life.Methods:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,115 eligible(55-79 years old)middle-aged and elderly women were selected to participate in this study,and were divided into 55-60 year old groups(n=30)and 61-65 year old groups(n=32)according to age All the subjects in the 66-70 year old group(n=33)and the 71-79 year old group(n=20)respectively carried out the following tests:(1)Fine motor ability assessment: finger flexibility and nail removal test;hand Dynamic and static stability test;hands coordination test.(2)Evaluation of hand sensory function: palm index finger,thumb,big fish,small fish tactile,two-point discrimination test.(3)Evaluation of hand muscle strength: maximum grip strength of hands and maximum pinch strength of fingers.The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS19.0,and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in fine motor skills,hand strength,and sensory function between different age groups.Pearson correlation analysis determines the correlation between hand muscle strength,sensory function and hand fine motor skills.Multiple linear regression analysis of the effect of hand muscle strength and skin sensory function on hand fine motor skills.Results:1.Comparison of fine motor skills between different age groups:(1)finger flexibility: the differences in the completion time of quantitative nailing(P=0.000)and nailing removal(P=0.001)in different age groups were statistically significant.The completion time of nailing and nailing removal in the 66-70 year old group was significantly greater than that in the 55-60 year old group(P=0.008),while the nailing speed in the 71-79 year old group decreased more obviously,and the nailing completion time was significantly longer than that in the other three groups,and the nailing removal speed was significantly slower than that in the 55-60 year old group(P=0.000)and the 61-65 year old group(P=0.006).(2)hand stability: the 66-70year-old group lagged behind the 61-65 year-old group in hand dynamic stability(P=0.045),and the 71-79 year-old group lagged behind the other three groups.The static stability of the 71-79 year old group was significantly worse than that of the55-60 year old group(P=0.003)and the 66-70 year old group(P=0.016).(3)two-handed coordination: in the task of two-handed coordination around the light spot,the time difference of task completion in different age groups was statistically significant(P=0.008).The point velocity of the 71-79 year old group was significantly slower than that of the 55-60 year old group(P=0.001),the 61-65 year old group(P=0.034)and the 66-70 year old group(P=0.033).2.Comparison of hand muscle strength between different age groups: The difference between the maximum finger pinch force(P=0.001)and the maximum hand grip force(P=0.001)in different age groups was statistically significant.The maximum grip strength of the 71-79 year old group was significantly lower than that of the other three groups,and the maximum grip strength was less than that of the55-60 year old group(P=0.000)and the 61-65 year old group(P=0.004).In addition,hand grip strength of the 66-70 group was lower than that of the 55-60 group(P=0.004).3.Comparison of hand sensory functions among different age groups:(1)tactile sense: the tactile thresholds of index finger,thumb,big fish and small fish were statistically significant in different age groups.The tactile threshold of four sites in the71-79 group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups.The tactile threshold of four sites in the 66-70 group was significantly higher than that in the55-60 group.Besides the index finger,the tactile threshold of the other three sites in the 66-70 age group was also significantly higher than that in the 61-65 age group.(2)two-point discrimination: the difference in two-point discrimination thresholds of index finger,thumb,macrofishes and microfishes in different age groups was statistically significant.The two-point threshold of recognition at four sites in the71-79 age group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups,and the two-point threshold of recognition at macromeric age in the 66-70 age group was significantly higher than that in the 55-60 age group and the 61-65 age group.4.Correlation analysis of hand muscle strength,skin sensory function and fine motor ability index:(1)In the index of finger flexibility,the insertion time is negatively correlated with finger pinch force and hand grip force,and is significantly positively correlated with most hand sensory function indexes.The smaller the muscle strength of the hand,the feeling The weaker the function,the worse the flexibility of the finger nails.The completion time of nail removal is positively correlated with most sensory indicators(two-point discrimination of thumb).The sensory function of the hand is insufficient,and the flexibility of finger removal is worse.(2)In the indexof finger stability,the reciprocal of the smallest aperture that the subject can pass through while holding the needle is positively correlated with most of the sensory function indicators(except for the tactile sense of the big fish).The worse the hand sensory function,the hand The worse the dynamic stability.(3)The time to complete the task with both hands is positively correlated with the tactile function indicators and the two-point discrimination between the small fish.The more sensitive the index finger,thumb,tactile sense of the small and large fish and the small fish,the more sensitive the hand coordination good.5.Multiple stepwise regression analysis of the effect of hand muscle strength and skin sensory function on fine motor ability: Respective indicators of fine motor energy were used as dependent variables,and indicators of hand strength and sensory function were used as independent variables for multiple stepwise regression.After removing the corresponding variables,the equation of the factor affecting the flexibility of the finger of the big fish interstellar tactile entry nail(R2=0.152),the equation of the factor affecting the flexibility of the finger of the index finger tactile entry of the peg type(R2=0.109);Equations affecting factors of dynamic stability of the hand(R2=0.149);equations affecting factors of static stability of the hand entering the thumb tactile sensation(R2=0.038);equations affecting factors of hand coordination between the tactile sensation of the big fish(R2=0.074).Conclusion:1.The fine motor skills of middle-aged and elderly women show a downward trend with age.The rapid decline of each movement dimension of its hand flexibility,stability and coordination is not the same as the age inflection point.The finger flexibility and dynamic stability may decline significantly after the age of 65,while the hand coordination and static stability show 70 After the age of accelerated deterioration.2.Middle-aged and elderly women' s hand muscle strength and sensory function are also affected by age.The age rule of its decline may be slightly different depending on the size and sensation type of muscle groups.The rapid decline in the strength of the arm and palm muscle groups may be earlier than the finger muscles;the weakening of the tactile function may be earlier than the discernment.3.Compared with hand muscle strength,hand sensory function may be a more important peripheral factor that affects the fine motor skills of middle-aged and elderly women. |
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