| After entering the old age,the basic metabolic rate decreases gradually,such as the decline of digestive function,slow peristalsis of gastrointestinal tract,tooth loss and so on.The absorption and utilization of nutrients by the body decreases,which directly affects the nutritional status of the human body.Reasonable dietary structure is directly related to the health of the elderly.According to relevant research,dietary nutrition is closely related to obesity,hypertension,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,diabetes and other chronic diseases.Unreasonable diet is an important risk factor for obesity,hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia.Therefore,the dietary structure of the elderly should be changed to adapt to the changes of the body.At the same time,in order to maintain social stability and improve the happiness index of the elderly,how to improve the health status of the elderly is an urgent problem to be solved.Based on this background,by reviewing the relevant research literature and drawing on the theory of nutrition and diet,this paper reveals the impact of dietary health on the elderly,and analyses the dietary status of the elderly in Changsha and Changsha.At the same time,through the investigation of the general situation,simple nutritional status,activities of daily living and dietary quality of the elderly in Changsha City,this paper collects relevant data and makes analysis by establishing a multiple linear regression model.The results of the survey were analyzed by regression and statistics with the factors of demographic sociology,economic income control,daily life style,nutrition-related knowledge acquisition and self-evaluation,health status and dietary quality as independent variables.The results show that:firstly,the regression coefficients of marital status and age are-0.089 and-0.075(P<0.05),that is,age and marital status have a significant negative correlation with the total score of MNA;secondly,the regression coefficients of economic dominance are-0.351(P<0.05),that is,economic dominance has a significant positive correlation with the total score of MNA.Thirdly,the regression coefficients of physical exercises and types of physical exercises,such as Taiji and gymnastics,are 2.579,1.431 and 1.983(P<0.05),which means that physical exercises and types of physical exercises have a significant positive correlation with the total score of MNA;fourthly,the regression coefficients of self-weight assessment and knowledge acquisition in nutrition-related knowledge acquisition and self-evaluation factors are 1.483,respectively.0.735(P<0.05),that is,self-weight assessment and nutritional knowledge acquisition factors have a significant positive correlation with the total score of MNA;Fifth,the regression coefficients of ADL and hypertension are 2.653 and-1.105(P<0.05),respectively,among health factors,that is,the score of ADL has a significant positive correlation with the total score of MNA,and hypertension factors have a significant positive correlation with the total score of MNA.Sixth,the regression coefficients of energy,dietary fiber and protein were-0.795,1.313 and 1.217(P<0.05),respectively.That is to say,dietary fiber and protein had a significant positive correlation with the total score of MNA,while energy intake had a significant negative correlation with the total score of MNA.Finally,six important predictors affecting the nutritional status of the elderly were screened by synthesizing six factors including demographic sociological factors,economic income control,daily life style,nutrition-related knowledge acquisition and self-evaluation,health status and dietary quality.Among them,daily living ability,self-weight,economic dominance,knowledge acquisition,protein and other factors have a significant positive correlation with the total score of MNA,while hypertension has a significant negative correlation with the total score of MNA.According to all the conditions,abundant economic control,good self-weight evaluation,high scores of daily living ability,acquisition of nutritional knowledge and protein intake have a positive impact on the nutritional status of the elderly in Changsha City.Hypertension is a negative factor affecting the nutritional status of the elderly in Changsha City.At the same time,some suggestions were put forward,such as strengthening the health and nutrition education of the elderly,adjusting the dietary structure of the elderly,formulating a reasonable social pension system,giving full play to the important role of family and social support,which provided a theoretical basis for improving the dietary and nutritional status of the elderly in Changsha. |
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