| Objective The purpose of this study is to realize the fertility intention,fertility behavior and the difference between fertility intention and behavior and analyze the influencing factors of the difference between fertility intention and behavior of the “post-80s” occupational population to provide a theoretical basis for correctly estimating the current fertility level,grasping the development tendency of the population,and adjusting the fertility service policy in China after the implementation of the comprehensive of two-child policy.Methods Questionnaire and personal interview were used in this study.Questionnaire were used to survey 1636 married parents of various occupations born from January 1,1980 to December 31,1989(“post-80”)in Yinchuan and Dalian during Jan to Dec 2017 at the first stage of the study.And the semi-structured individual interviews of 100“post-80” married parents of various occupations were carried out from Jan to Oct 2018 at the second stage.The contents of study included demographic characteristics,fertility intention,actually fertility behavior,fertility planning and related effecting factors.In the analysis,demographic characteristics,fertility intention,fertility behavior and their difference were described and compared firstly.Then,the ordinal logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of behavioral attitude,subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on the difference between fertility intention and behavior.Finally,the interview data were collated and analyzed by the inductive method to further understand the underlying reasons for the differences in fertility intention and behavior.Results 1.A total of 1,702 respondents were surveyed in this study,764 were investigated in Yinchuan,and 938 were investigated in Dalian.In Yinchuan,the median age of all respondents was 33.00 years old(QR=6.00).There were 495(64.79%)females,596(78.01%)Han nationality,673(88.09%)local residents,516(67.54%)junior college and undergraduate,524(55.86%)respondents earning between 3,000 and 5,000 yuan,572(74.87%)non-only children and 431(56.41%)public institutions.In Dalian,the median age of all respondents was 33.00 years old(QR=5.00).There were 739(78.78%)females,875(93.28%)Han nationality,570(60.77%)local residents,538(57.36%)junior college and undergraduate,439(57.46%)respondents earning between 3,000 and 5,000 yuan,594(63.33%)non-only children and 498(53.09%)public institutions.Comparing the demographic characteristics of respondents in two surveyed areas,the demographic characteristics of respondents in the two surveyed areas were significantly difference(P<0.05).After propensity score matching,the demographic characteristics in the two surveyed areas were no significantly difference(P>0.05).2.In Yinchuan,there were 56(7.33%)respondents whose fertility intention was one child,639(83.64%)was two children,and 69(9.03%)was more than two children.In Dalian,there were 306(32.62%)respondents whose fertility intention was one child,579(61.73%)was two children,and 53(5.56%)was more than two children.After propensity score matching,the results showed that the distribution of fertility intention in two surveyed areas were significantly difference(Z=7.072,P<0.001).3.Among all respondents,391(51.18%)respondents had one child,359(46.99%)had two children,and 14(1.83%)had more than two children in Yinchuan.And 701(74.73%)had one child,234(24.95%)had two children,and only 3(0.32%)had more than two children in Dalian.After propensity score matching,there was a significantly difference in the distribution of fertility behaviors between the two surveyed cities(Z=5.128,P<0.001).4.In Yinchuan,there were 10(1.31%)respondents whose fertility intention was below to their fertility behavior,376(49.21%)respondents whose fertility intention was equal to their fertility behavior,and 378(49.48%)respondents whose fertility intention was greater than their fertility behavior.And in Dalian,there were 21(2.24%)respondents whose fertility intention was below to their fertility behavior,474(50.53%)respondents whose fertility intention was equal to their fertility behavior,and 443(47.23%)respondents whose fertility intention was greater than their fertility behavior.After propensity score matching,there was no significantly difference for the distribution of difference between fertility intention and behavior in two surveyed areas(Z=-1.377,P=0.169).5.For all respondents in Yinchuan,the higher the gender preference,the lower possibility that fertility intention was greater than fertility behavior(OR=0.854,OR95%CI: 0.751~0.971);the older their age,the higher possibility that fertility intention was greater than fertility behavior(OR=1.046,OR95%CI: 1.004~1.090);and the probability of fertility intention above behavior of respondents with monthly economic income of less than 3,000 yuan was 2.069 times than those of more than 5,000 yuan(OR95%CI: 1.249~3.312).In Dalian,the higher the child’s material utility,the lower possibility that fertility intention was greater than fertility behavior(OR=0.744,OR95%CI: 0.632~0.876);the higher objective support,the lower possibility that fertility intention was greater than fertility behavior(OR=0.918,OR95%CI: 0.881~0.956);and the probability of fertility intention above behavior of respondents with monthly economic income of less than 3,000 yuan was 2.003 times than those of more than 5,000 yuan(OR95%CI: 1.274~3.148).In general,the higher the child’s material utility,the higher probability that fertility intention was lower than the fertility behavior(OR=0.764,OR95%CI: 0.642~0.908).The probability of fertility intention above behavior of respondents with monthly economic income of less than 3,000 yuan was 1.793 times than those of more than 5,000 yuan(OR95%CI: 1.139~2.929).6.A total of 72 interviewees were interviewed in this study,42 in Yinchuan and 29 in Dalian.Based on Theory of Planned Behavior,after the interview data is compiled and coded,a total of 3 tree nodes and 11 child nodes are constructed.The reason for the difference between fertility intention and behavior mainly was behavioral attitude and perceptual behavior control.Most of interviewees showed “the economic burden is too heavy”,“economic pressure is too great”,“no energy”,“older”,“There was no one to take care of the children”,which lead to their inability to have a second child and finally cannot achieve their intention.On the contrary,“two or more children can take care of each other”,“one child is too lonely”,“with both son and daughter” and the material utility of the children were the main reason for the realization of their intention.Conclusion 1.The mainly fertility intention of “post-80s” occupational population was two children.And fertility intention of two children in Yinchuan was higher than that in Dalian.2.The largely fertility behavior of “post-80s” occupational population were one child.And the one-child behavior in Yinchuan was much higher than that of in Dalian.3.The difference between fertility intention and behavior of the “post-80s” occupational population was mainly manifested in that fertility intention was greater than fertility behavior.The reasons that fertility intention was greater than fertility behavior were mainly economic income,age and the care and assistance provided by parents.On the contrary,the main factors that fertility intention was not greater to fertility behavior were the children’s material utility,mutual support between children and gender preferences. |
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