| Objective: The developing society makes the new occupation arises,which called caregivers of children with disabilities,and created a new situation for social welfare programs.The caregivers of children with disabilities a part of social workers as the nurses,not only the workload,working time,work content,work risks and interpersonal relationship of the two occupation are different,but also the status of the occupational stress and job burnout are not the same.There some studies for the occupational stress situation of the primary nurse and caregivers of children with disabilities,but the comparative studies of the differences between the two crowds on occupational stress are less.This study considered the caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing Social Welfare Home and the primary nurses of some hospitals in Yangzhong City as the study objects,the questionnaires of occupational stress and job burnout were adopted to test the two crowds separately.Analysis and contrast the differences of the occupational stress and burnout characteristics between the caregivers of children with disabilities and primary nurses,explore and compare the factors which were related to job burnout.To provide scientific evidences for screening,reducing and preventing the factors of the occupational stress and job burnout.Method: With the method of cluster sampling,caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing Social Welfare Home and the primary nurses of 2 county hospitals and 3 township hospitals in Yangzhong City were extracted as the research objects,403 people in total and 367 samples were valid.Using the occupational stress index scale and Maslach burnout questionnaire to test the occupational stress factors,occupational stress reactions,personality traits,mitigating factors and job burnout status.Data was entered by Epidata,database built by Excel 2010 and analyzed by SPSS 21.0.Means,standard deviation and percentage of data were used to describe the situation of occupational stress;single factor variance or t test were used to do statistical inference and comparative analysis;partial correlation analysis,multiple linear regression and unconditional Logistic regression were used to analyze the factors of occupational stress reaction,job burnout and its three dimensions and compared the factors of the two crowds that effect the occupational stressand job burnout.Result:1.Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.922,which was used to test the reliability of the questionnaires and showed the accuracy,stability and consistency of the questionnaire was good.2.The scores of various occupational stress factors,occupational stress reactions,personality traits,mitigating factors and job burnout status of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing Social Welfare Home and the primary nurses of the basic hospitals in Yangzhong showed statistical differences(P<0.05).Caregivers of children with disabilities in tasks control,decision control,environment control,resource control,technology utilization,job routinization,work risk,role ambiguity and participation decision-making,anxiety state,body complain,life attitude,behavior characteristics,ambition,anxiety trait,superior support,colleague support,family support,logic,family-work relationship and depersonalization were higher than those of Yangzhong primary nurses(P<0.05);Primary nurses in Yangzhong in quantitative load and change,workload,role conflict,job prospects,promotion,depressive symptom,daily stress,self-esteem,task strategy,time management,work input,and personal accomplishment reduction scored higher than those of caregivers of children with disabilities(P<0.05).3.The differences of different demographic characteristics of occupational stress and job burnout between caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing and the primary nurses in Yangzhong had statistical significance(P<0.05).(1)The scores of workload,job prospects,participation decision-making,anxiety state,and logical scores in different age groups among caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were statistically different(P<0.05),and there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of task control,decision control,environment control,resource control,quantitative load and change,work risk,workload,role ambiguity,mental health,depressive symptoms,task strategy,time management and job burnout in different age groups of primary nurses in Yangzhong(P<0.05).(2)The scores of work load,job prospect,participation decision-making,anxiety state,work-mental control,superior support in different working-age groups among caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were statistically different(P<0.05),and there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of task control,decision control,environment control,resource control,load changes,work risk,role conflict and ambiguity,mental health,anxiety state,daily stress,ambition,work-mental control,organizational loyalty,task strategy,time management andjob burnout were statistically different among primary nurses in Yangzhong(P<0.05).(3)The scores of organizational loyalty in different education groups in caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were statistically different(P<0.05),while the tasks control,environmental control,and role ambiguity scores were statistically different among primary nurses in Yangzhong(P<0.05).(4)The scores of task control,resource control,workload,job prospects,job satisfaction,mental health,anxiety,and ambition scores were statistically different among caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing with different job titles(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of promotion,work mental control and depersonalization among primary nurses in Yangzhong(P<0.05).(5)Role conflict,role ambiguity,job satisfaction,mental health,anxiety state,self-esteem,colleague support,family support,task strategy,job burnout and emotional exhaustion score were statistically different among caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing in different classes(P<0.05),while participation decision-making,promotion,depressive symptom,task strategy,and depersonalization scores in different classes were statistically different among primary nurses in Yangzhong(P<0.05).4.Comparison of the factors among occupational stress factors,personality traits,mitigating factors and occupational stress reactions between the two kinds of social service personnel:(1)Patial correlation analysisThe more routinized the work of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing was,the fewer task strategy were,and the more job satisfaction was;the greater the utilization of work techniques,the more task strategy to solve work problems and time management,participation in decision-making and promotion would be.The stronger the sense of self-esteem,the less role conflict and ambiguity,the less the behavior characteristics and aspirations,the less the work input,the simpler the relationship between family and work,the stronger the mental health would be;the more involved in decision-making,the greater the input,ambition,superior support,and job prospect,the fewer symptoms of depression,anxiety,and body complaint would be.The more task control,decision control,environmental control,ambition,self-esteem,organizational loyalty,and logic of the primary nurses in Yangzhong,the stronger the job satisfaction would be.On the contrary,the load changes and workload increased,and the anxiety traits increased,the lower the job satisfaction would be;the better life attitude,the greater theaspiration,the stronger the logic of handling affairs,and the stronger the sense of mental health would be.On the contrary,the more work load and load change,the greater the work risk,and the more confused the work outlook,the lower the mental health would be;more load changes,greater workload,more role conflict,greater job prospects,more family support,greater anxiety traits,lower self-esteem,lower organizational loyalty and less harmonious family and work relationships were,the depressive symptoms,anxiety,body complain and daily stress were stronger..(2)Regression analysis:(1)Job satisfaction: The contributing factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing included work routinization,logic and load changes.The negative influence factors were task strategy and task control;the negative influence factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong included workload,family support and work input.(2)Mental health: The factors contributing to caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing included promotion,participation in decision-making,self-esteem,technological utilization,environmental control,time management,task strategy and colleagues support;ambition and role conflict as negative influence factors.The negative influence factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong included work input,work risk,load changes and job prospects.(3)Depression symptom: The negative influence factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing included work input participation in decision-making,promotion and behavior characteristics.The contributing factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong included family support and role conflict,the negative impact factors were behavior characteristics and self-esteem.(4)Anxiety state: The contributing factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing had family-work relationship,and the negative influence factors were superior support and ambition.The contributing factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong included work input,behavior characteristics,anxiety traits and work routinization;ambition as a negative influence factor.(5)Body complain: The contributing factors for caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were family support and family-work relationship,negative factors was prospect.The contributing factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong included work routinization and work input.(6)Daily stress: The contributing factors of Yangzhong primary nurses had anxiety traits,superior support,and negative influence factors were decision control and time management.5.Comparison of the factors among occupational stress and job burnout between two kinds of social service personnel:(1)Patial correlation analysis:The higher task control,the greater the work prospect,the smaller the family support of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were,the higher degree of occupational exhaustion would be;the higher the task control and the more routinaized the work were,the higher the degree of emotional exhaustion would be;the higher the job satisfaction and the more colleague support were,the lower level of emotional exhaustion would be;the more colleague support was,the lower degree of depersonalization would be;the more dangerous the job was,the higher degree of personal accomplishment reduction would be.The higher tasks and resource control,the greater workload and changes of primary nurses in Yangzhong were,the deeper anxiety,body complain and daily stress would be;the smaller the chance for promotion,the lower the job satisfaction and mental health were,the higher degree of job burnout,emotional exhaustion and depersonalization would be;the higher task control,the more complex the relationship between family and work were,the higher degree of personal accomplishment reduction would be.(2)Regression analysis:(1)Job burnout: The contributing factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing had job prospect,and the negative influence factors were family support and job satisfaction.The contribution factors of primary nurse in Yangzhong included task control,body complain,work load,life attitude,and negative influence factors were mental health and ambition.(2)Emotional exhaustion: The contributing factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were task control and work routinization,and the negative factors were job satisfaction and family support.The contributing factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong were anxiety state and resource control,the negative influence factor is mental health.(3)Depersonalization: The negative influence factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing was colleague support.The factors contributed by the primary nurses in Yangzhong had anxiety traits and work mental control,the negative influence factor was mental health.(4)Personal accomplishment reduction: The contribution factor of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing was work risk,the negative impact factor was mental health.The factors contributed by primary nurses in Yangzhong included task control,participation in decision-making,family-work relationship.6.Comparison of Logistic regression of job burnout positive rate between two kinds of socialservice personnel:(1)Job burnout positive rate: The negative influencing factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were behavior characteristics and family support.The factors contributing of primary nurses in Yangzhong were task control,work load and work mental control;the negative influencing factors were technological utilization,promotion and mental health.(2)Emotional exhaustion positive rate: the contributing factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were task control and work routinization,negative influence factors were role ambiguity and job satisfaction.The contributing factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong resource control and anxiety state.(3)Depersonalization positive rate: The negative influence factors of caregivers of children with disabilities in Nanjing were work routinization and colleague support.The contributing factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong included depressive symptom,life attitude,self-esteem and anxiety traits(4)Personal accomplishment reduction positive rate: The contributing factors of primary nurses in Yangzhong were job satisfaction,anxiety state and anxiety traits;negative factors included task control and daily stress.Conclusion: Social service personnel’s work content,service targets and nature of the unit influence the composition of demographic characteristics;occupational stress and job burnout of different social service personnel are manifested in different aspects;demographic characteristics have an influence on occupational stress and job burnout;factors that affect the occupational stress and job burnout of social service personnel have different performances;the more protective factors in occupational stress factors,occupational stress reaction,personality characteristics and mitigating factors,the less occupational stress and job burnout may occur. |
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