| PART Ⅰ THE EFFECT OF EARLY EXPOSURE TO FAMINE ON FEMALE MENOPAUSAL AGEObjective: To analyze the effects of fetal and childhood famine exposure on female menopause age,and to explore the effect of early life nutritional status on menopausal age.Methods: The medical examination medical files of the Physical Examination Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2017 to 2018 were collected,and 3980 postmenopausal women were selected as research objects.According to the exposure of famine at birth,the subjects were divided into three groups: people born from 1956.10.01 to 1958.09.30 were childhood-exposed group(n=845),people born from 1959.10.01 to 1961.09.30 were fetal-exposed group(n=670),people born from 1962.10.01 to 1964.09.30 were non-exposed groups(n=2465).The differences in menopausal age and menarche age between groups were compared.The impact of early exposure to famine on the menopausal age was analyzed and analysis were performed using spss24.0 statistical software.Results: Among the subjects,the average menopausal age of the childhood-exposed group,the fetal-exposed group and the non-exposed group were 50.06 years old,50.56 years old,and 50.31 years old.The analysis of variance showed that the difference of menopausal age in different groups was statistically significant(F=9.418,P<0.001).Further least significant difference test found that the average menopausal age in the childhood-exposed group was smaller than that in the non-exposed group(P<0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the factors affecting the menopausal age.Compared with the control group,the average menopausal age in the fetal-exposed group increased by 0.312 years(P = 0.041).High-density lipoprotein is also a factor affecting the menopausal age.Regression analysis showed that for every 1 mmol/L increase in high-density lipoprotein,the average age of menopause increased by 0.582 years(P = 0.025).The menarche age of the childhood-exposed group,the fetal-exposed group and the non-exposed group were 14.00 years old,13.81 years old,13.95 years old,and the menarche age of the fetal-exposed group was significantly smaller than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).Menarche age and menopausal age in the subjects born in different years were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Exposure to famine in childhood may lead to an earlier age of menopause,and proper elevation of high-density lipoprotein(HDL)may reduce the risk of premature menopause.PART Ⅱ THE EFFECT OF EARLY EXPOSURE TO FAMINE ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD LIPIDS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMENObjective: To analyze fetal and childhood famine exposure and postmenopausal women’s height,weight,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure and blood lipids,the effects of early life nutritional status on blood pressure and blood lipids in postmenopausal women were investigated.Methods: The medical examination medical files of the Physical Examination Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2017 to 2018 were collected,and 3980 postmenopausal women were selected as research objects.According to the exposure of famine at birth,the subjects were divided into three groups: people born from 1956.10.01 to 1958.09.30 were childhood-exposed group(n=845),people born from 1959.10.01 to 1961.09.30 were fetal-exposed group(n=670),people born from 1962.10.01 to 1964.09.30 were non-exposed groups(n=2465).The height,weight,BMI,systolic blood pressure(SP),diastolic blood pressure(DP),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)were compared between groups,as well as the occurrence of hypertension and dyslipidemia.Data process and analysis were performed using spss24.0 statistical software.Results: Among the subjects,the average SP of the childhood-exposed group,the fetal-exposed group and the non-exposed group were 127.57 mm Hg,124.70 mm Hg,123.01 mm Hg,and the average DP were 72.64 mm Hg,73.02 mm Hg,and 73.37 mm Hg,respectively.The analysis of variance showed that the difference in SP between different groups was statistically significant(F=20.626,P<0.001).Further least significant difference test found that the SP in both childhood and fetal-exposed groups was higher than non-exposed group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in DP between different groups(F=1.346,P=0.261).Chi-square test for the prevalence of hypertension in the childhood-exposed group,fetal-exposed group,and the non-exposed group was 21.3%,17.9%,and 17.7%.The prevalence of hypertension in the childhood-exposed group was highest(χ2=18.595,P<0.001).The TG,LDL and HDL of the fetal-exposed group were higher than those of the non-exposed group(P<0.05).Among the subjects born in different years,there was only a difference in systolic pressure(P=0.02),and there was no statistical difference in the prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia.Compared with the non-exposed group,the height and weight of the fetal and childhood exposed groups were lower than those of the non-exposed group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Famine exposure in early life may increase the risk of postmenopausal systolic blood pressure and elevated blood lipids. |
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