Study On Technical Efficiency Of Apple Green Production In Typical Planting Areas Of Southern Xinjiang

As one of the characteristic forestry and fruit industries in Xinjiang’s economic development,Apple has significant advantages in location,quality,resources and scale.Due to the lack of optimal allocation of means of production,some problems such as waste of resources,low output rate and decline of fruit quality are highlighted.How to change the quantity advantage of apple production into the quality advantage under the best resource allocation and scientific technology management system and further promote the healthy and sustainable development of economic,social and ecological benefits is an important issue to be solved urgently.The main core chapters of this paper are divided into five parts.Guided by the concept of green development and with the help of green development technology of apples as the main line,the development trend of production and planting area and yield in the main apple producing areas of China is comprehensively compared and analyzed,and systematically elaborated from the following three parts.The first part summarizes the production and marketing situation of apple production in China,Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang,and understands the current situation and problems of apple production and marketing in the sample area.The second part,through the questionnaire,with the aid of survey data,dynamically analyses the material input and output composition of apple production in different planting areas,different planting scales and different tree ages in the past three years.Find the advantage and disadvantage of apple industry development and the rationality of resource allocation;use three-stage DEA model to calculate the green production technology efficiency of different types of apple growers,analyze the prominent problems of input structure in Apple planting and the key factors restricting the improvement of output,and put forward the optimization scheme for optimizing resource allocation,improving fruit quality and reducing labor input.In the third part,the probit model is used to analyze the influencing factors of apple growers’ adoption of green technology,to understand the farmers’ awareness and willingness to adopt green technology,and the sales level of green and traditional planting fruits,so as to provide the basis for the promotion and diffusion of green technology.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The apple yield in typical planting areas of southern Xinjiang increased with the increase of planting area.The Apple planting area and yield in the sample area increased from 2409,000 Mu and 1894,000 tons in 2006 to 69,360,000 Mu and 123,830,000 tons in 2017,respectively.The average yield per mu increased gradually,and the comparative advantage of apples in Xinjiang became more and more insignificant due to the high input and output.(2)Material input varies in different planting areas,different planting scales and different planting age.From 2016 to 2018,the inputs of green apple and traditional Apple planting in the pre-production,mid-production and post-production stages accounted for 23.6%,51.8%,24.6% and 21.3%,56.1% and 22.6% of the total inputs,respectively.Material input in the pre-production stage tended to be stable,and input of production materials in the mid-production stage tended to be stable.The input of refrigerated transportation in the post-natal period increased to some extent,among which the input of the Corps growers was higher than that of the local areas.The excessive application of pesticides resulted in the decrease of pesticide residues and fruit quality,which violated the protection of the environment and the development of green ecological agriculture.(3)The overall technical efficiency of green apple production has been slightly improved.Compared with the local integrated technical efficiency,the integrated technical efficiency of the Corps growers(0.588)is higher than that of the local growers(0.517).Scale efficiency is the main factor that restricts the improvement of the local growers’ technical efficiency.Among them,the scale efficiency of the Corps(0.767)has great room to improve,which is higher than that of the local(0.523).However,due to environmental factors,the pure technical efficiency of the Corps and local growers has been underestimated,while the scale efficiency has been overestimated.(4)Among the eight agricultural technologies directly related to apple green production,the Corps and local growers have the greatest demand for green pest control technology and green environmental protection technology,and the lowest demand for seedling-raising and grafting cultivation technology.The proportion of preferential demand for green production technology has increased year by year.Personal characteristics,family characteristics and behavioral characteristics have significant differences in the choice and adoption of green technology.Therefore,in order to alleviate the structural contradiction between fruit supply and consumption demand and the safety of fruit quality,the following aspects should be considered:(1)Under the whole industrial chain and development trend,the apple industry should aim at satisfying consumers’ demand for green and healthy fruits,optimize the industrial structure,variety structure and quality structure,reduce the costs of transportation and processing during and after Apple production,strictly regulate the application of fertilizers to Apple growers,and increase the application of green pesticide fertilizers such as low toxicity,high efficiency,green manure and cake fertilizer.At present,relying on resource input and scientific and technological innovation of green agriculture development model,the establishment of standard apple demonstration park,cultivation of new diversified planting subjects,enhance industrial competitiveness.(2)Optimizing the allocation of production factors,improving the utilization rate of resources and output rate,combining ecological benefits with economic benefits,restructuring the redundant parts of labor,irrigation,pesticides,fertilizers and other inputs in the production process,reducing the ineffective input of production costs,and increasing the construction of demonstration bases for ecological fruits.Strictly standardize the green production behavior of growers,manage and supervise the whole process of seedling selection,tree health,production management and factor input,promote the recognition of fruit base,establish a one-yard product traceability platform,and realize the "three products and one standard".Brand promotion and construction ensure that every step of green and healthy fruit is monitored for technical safety.(3)Strengthen the construction of the green agricultural technology extension system,actively improve the existing extension bodies and mechanisms,rely on the agricultural technology extension departments,agricultural enterprises,universities,large farmers and other relevant units or departments to arrange the green technology extension services reasonably,to ensure that growers can master the core production and management technology,while strengthening the supervision and control of the use of green technology.Management,according to the apple planting area,to determine the standard production of science and technology demonstration households,improve the surrounding growers’ grasp of green agricultural production technology.