| During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period,with the implementation of the strategies of "Marine Powers" and "21st Century Maritime Silk Road",the state and coastal provinces and cities have increased their support for the development of offshore fisheries and promoted the rapid development of China's offshore fisheries.However,with the rapid development of the scale of China's offshore fisheries and the intensification of international competition for marine biological resources,the number of foreign-related safety incidents in China's offshore fisheries has increased,and the economic loss caused by the disorderly entry of enterprises into the fishery has led to the instability of entry into the fishing country.This has adversely affected the image and stable,orderly,and healthy development of our offshore fishery.The occurrence of foreign-related fishery security incidents,corporate economic losses,and instability in fishing in pelagic fisheries may be caused by our own reasons or by the socio-political factors of the cooperating countries.This phenomenon is inevitable.It is necessary to objectively recognize the development of such offshore fisheries and strengthen the construction of early warning and safeguard systems.For this reason,this article establishes a set of warning and prevention index system for distant water fisheries by analyzing the risk of entering the country to provide technical support for the stable,orderly and healthy development of distant water fisheries in China.The main findings are as follows:(1)Establish a risk assessment index system for distant-water fisheries.Based on the scientific,comprehensive,quantitative and qualitative combination of index selection principles,and reference to relevant risk assessment index systems at home and abroad,the risk characteristics of distant-water fisheries are studied for risk identification,and the relationship between fishery countries,fishery enterprises,and fishery cooperative relationships and The external environment has a total of 17 secondary indicators,including three primary indicators,economic stability,political stability,and economic and legal environment.The qualitative three-level indicators are classified,and the quantitative three-level indicators are divided into ranges and unified scoring standards.The first level is 10 points,the second level is 5 points,and the third level is 1 point.(2)Risk assessment of distant-water fisheries in West Africa.The risk assessment index data of 15 countries in West Africa in the past 10 years from 2009 to 2018 were collected and compiled,and the expert evaluation method was used to determine the index weights.The risk assessment values of 15 countries in the past 10 years were calculated,and early warning levels were divided.Empirical analysis and research shows that political stability,types of fishery cooperation,and overseas fishery base layout during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period are indicators that have a greater impact on comprehensive risk assessment values.Countries that gradually reduce their risks include: Mauritania,Sierra Leone,C?te d'Ivoire,5 countries in Gabon and Angola;9 countries with constant or fluctuating risks: Morocco,Senegal,Guinea,etc.9 countries with increased risk: Guinea-Bissau;geographical distribution,Northwest Africa,and West South Africa countries' fishing risks Relatively small,the risks to countries near the Gulf of Guinea are relatively large;the risk of entering the fishery is related to the implementation of national strategies and policies.The empirical analysis of West Africa in this paper validates the scientific applicability of the index system for risk assessment of distant water fisheries.(3)Risk assessment of distant-water fisheries in the Indian Ocean.Based on the collection of relevant data and data from 14 countries along the Indian Ocean coast from 2009 to 2018,based on the distant water fisheries fishery evaluation indicator system and risk early warning theory,the risk assessment value for the last 10 years was calculated,and the risk change trend chart and risk warning chart were drawn..The research shows that the political situation and the type of cooperation in the fishing country have a greater impact on fishing risks,and events that affect political stability,such as civil war and political crisis,will increase the risk of fishing.Six countries have gradually reduced the risk: Tanzania,Mozambique,Madagascar,Mauritius,Seychelles and Sri Lanka;7 countries with constant or fluctuating risks,mainly in the northern Indian Ocean: Oman,Iran,Pakistan,India,Bangladesh,South Africa,Marshall;1 increased risk is Yemen country.The analysis found that countries in the northern Indian Ocean have relatively low entry risks and countries in the southwestern Indian Ocean have relatively high entry risks,but in recent years they have remained flat.This study is a re-verification of the scientific and practicability of the risk assessment index system for distant water fisheries in China,and lays the foundation for the scientific management and sustainable development of distant water fisheries.(4)Research on risk prevention and emergency management countermeasures for distant water fisheries.By studying the theory of risk management and emergency management and the current status of China's emergency management system and fisheries emergency management system,the following suggestions and countermeasures are proposed from the responding subject,the responding country,and the response level: 1)The responding subject,the government should The overall emergency response plan for oceanic fisheries,improving the emergency management mechanism for distant water fisheries,promoting the awareness of enterprise risk prevention,and doing a good job of risk management and emergency management.Specifically,the first is to report emergency plans and risk management measures when applying for the project;the second is to encourage enterprises to establish risk control related departments or cooperate with domestic research units to implement daily risk management work;the third is to clarify responsibility attribution and strengthen Subject responsibility.Establish a distant water fisheries emergency management department to improve research,judgment,decision-making,and deployment capabilities.Second,the association compiles risk management measures and emergency plans to drive enterprises to carry out risk management and emergency management.Finally,enterprises should implement risk management before project audits and daily production,and pay attention to the importance of risk management.2)For the state,for the countries that have not entered the fisheries,according to the risk assessment level,the national management department should flexibly control the fishery entry plan.For low-risk and low-risk countries,management with a moderate increase in the number of fleets is adopted,and for high-risk and high-risk countries,management with a reduction in the scale of enterprises entering the fishery is adopted.For countries that have already joined the fishing industry,according to the risk assessment level,the national management department pays close attention to the countries with higher risks,gives early warning signals and makes emergency preparations,and performs withdrawal and rescue work,and urges enterprises to improve risk management and emergency response.3)interms of response field,a technical risk assessment system for offshore fisheries should be established,and monitoring and early warning mechanisms should be improved to achieve early detection,early warning,and early disposal.In management,the basic norms of internal risk management and emergency management have been established,so that the company can follow the rules.For distant water fisheries enterprises,the management department guides all parties to learn the concepts and practices of good management of private enterprises that carry risks,and promotes risk management and emergency management practices.4)In terms of early warning level.For low-risk level,keep regular attention;for medium-risk level,keep moderate attention;for high-risk level,get ready for risk prevention and adopt multiple contingency plan;for extreme-risk level,maintain high attention and prepare for emergency,early warning information shall be released as soon as possible,and scientific research and judgment may lead to early withdrawal of fishing. |
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