| With increasing demand of sports field in our country,there is an urgent need of low cost,low maintenance turf-establishment rules and techniques that can be adjusted to local conditions.Previously research studies showed that turf-bed compositions had important impacts on sports turf,and the initial differences were reflected in turf establishment.But the turf establishment of warm season turfgrass species in the area of Yangtze River delta in different rootzone media was not clear.Therefore,the objective of this study was to compare the differences of three types of turf-beds compositions on turf establishment of three warm season turfgrass species to provide a reference for low-cost turf establishment in the area of Yangtze River delta.In this study,three warm-season turfgrass species were used,namely seashore paspalum '2000'(Paspalum vaginatum cv.2000),Zoysia sinica and hybrid bermudagrass'platinum'(Cynodon dactylon × C.transvaalensis cv.platinum).These grasses were established with and multiplied via vegetative stolons according to row planting distance 30 cm on turf-beds with three types of turf-beds compositions:type ?(garden soil+ organic fertilizer 6 kg·m-2),type ?(fine sand+ peat(30:5)+ organic fertilizer 6 kg·m-2),type ?(medium-coarse sand+ peat(30:5)+ organic fertilizer 6 kg·m-2).Before and after turf establishment,the physical-chemical properties of turf-beds soil as well as turfgrass establishment parameters were measured and analyzed.The main conclusions are showed as follows:(1)The type ? turf-bed had higher nutrient conservation capacity but poor water drainage capacity,and it had the highest soil nutrient contents after sod forming;the type ?had mediocre nutrient conservation and water drainage but less water holding capacities,and it had significantly less soil nutrient contents after sod forming;the type ? had excellent water drainage capacity,but significantly less nutrient conservation and water-holding capacities than those of type ? and ?,and its nutrient contents were the least after sod forming.The physical properties of these three turf-beds were closely correlated with the diameters of soil particles.For examples,the volume-weight,specific gravity,porosity,hydraulic conductivity,and infiltration rate of turf-bed was significant negatively correlated to the content of particles sizes smaller than 0.075mm;the volume-weight,specific gravity,hydraulic conductivity,and infiltration rate of turf-bed were significant positively correlated to the particles sizes between 0.25mm to 0.5mm.And the field capacity of turf-bed was significant positively correlated to the content of particle sizes smaller than 0.075mm.(2)The three warm season turfgrasses showed different responses to these three turf-beds compositions:(a)Seashore paspalum:The sod was well formed in the middle of July.The turf coverage rate of seashore paspalum was the highest in the type ? turf-bed;while the turf density was the highest in the type ? turf-bed;and leaf texture was the best in types ?&? turf-beds.(b)Hybrid bermudagrass:The sod was well formed in the middle of July.The turf coverage rate of hybrid bermudagrass was the highest in the type ? turf-bed;overall,the type ?turf-bed had the highest turf density,finest leaf texture and leaf color;and the turf surface temperature of bermudagrass on type ? and type ? was significantly lower than those on type ? turf-bed.(c)Zoysia grass:The sod was well formed in the middle of August.Zoysia grass grown on the type ? turf-bed showed the best turf coverage rate,turf density and leaf color,and it also had the lowest turf surface temperature on type ? turf-bed.In sum,these three warm-season turfgrass species showed different responses to different types of turf-beds composition.Considering the rate of sod formation and turf quality,we recommended that seashore paspalum and hybrid bermudagrass be established on the type ? rootzone medium,while zoysia grass be established on the type ? rootzone medium. |
PDF Full Text Request