The Research On Spatial Pattern Evolution And Characteristics Of Freight In Seaports Of China

The industry of port in China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening.The throughput of the cargo and containers has ranked first in the world in the recent years.Although we have large port scale,the performance level is not high.There are overcapacity problems due to repeat construction in some ports,and some ports can't adapt the market due to the lack of investment,unsuitable infrastructure and low level of logistics.The imbalance of port supply and demand has already affected the development of ports in China.So we need to identify the spatial pattern evolution of freight from the macroscopic level in order to provide some guidance for port planning and facilities investment in the future.This paper uses standard deviation ellipse to visualize the characteristics and evolution of spatial pattern of fright in coastal ports of China at macro level.And this paper analyzes the scale,range and equilibrium degree of major cargo in the port by the way of spatial aggregation and spatial difference.And then,the method of spatial similarity analysis is used to identify the imbalance between supply and demand structure of seaports in China.The results show that:1.The total cargo throughput move to northwest and become spatially expanded during 2000 and 2015.The throughput of the Bohai Rim ports have growth accelerated.2.The throughput of coal in seaports move to southwest and become spatially extended during 2000 and 2015,which showed the rapidly increase of the coal throughput in the ports of Tianjin and Tangshan.The throughput of metal ore move to northwest and show the rapidly increase of the metal ore throughput in Bohai Rim ports.The spatial of oil has extended and the throughput of oil in the east-west ports are growth higher than that in the south-north ports.And containers move to northeast,which showed the development of container industry in north ports.The spatial aggregation of various kinds of goods in seaports is obviously strengthening while the space distribution is becoming imbalanced except metal ore.3.The spatial location of the center of gravity between foreign trade import and export are similar,but have opposite direction:The exports of foreign trade move to northwest and become spatially extended during 2003 and 2015.The imports of foreign trade move to southeast and become spatially contracted.The exports of domestic trade move to west,which showed the important of the ports in Bohai Rim.The imports of domestic trade move to north and become spatially extended.These reflects the centralized of exports of domestic trade and decentralization of import of domestic trade.4.The matching degree of supply and demand spatial pattern of total fright in seaports shows increased first and then decreased from 2005 to 2015.There are overcapacity problems,especially the Pearl River Delta ports.The ports in northeast lack of effective supply.The imbalance between supply and demand of containers is obvious.The supply spatial pattern is moving to southwest,but the spatial pattern of demand is moving to northeast.There are overcapacity problems of containers in southwest ports,while the ports in north lack of supply.