| This paper is a study of regional historical human geography with the perspective of settlements and the fair as the study object.The overall frame design of this paper tries to constract a perspective of time,elements and form and thus explore the space-time evolvement of the fair in Wankaiyun District(?????)from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China with the three aspects from macroscopic to microscopic.The first part this paper mainly discusses Dianzi(??)and its relationship with the fairs.Two basic conclusions can be drawn:First,Dianzi and fair can be mutual complement with each other,and even before the fair appeared,Dianzi once replaced the fair to meet the basic needs of the local people.Secondly,Dianzi tends to be the basis for opening a fair.By tracing the development of the fair before the Ming Dynasty,combing the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China with the local chronicles and other historical materials,we can get the following characteristics of the fair in Wankaiyun District:Firstly,from the early periods of the reign of Emperor Qianlong(?????)to the end of 1940s,the number of fairs in this district increased from 23 to 216.Secondly,the fairs of Wankaiyun District are mainly distributed along the creek and river and shows a certain feature that the fairs are more in south and west dictricts and less in north and east districts,which is closely related to the landform.Thirdly,although the three counties of Wankaiyun District are roughly equal in size,the density of fairs in Wan County is higher than Kai County and Yunyang County.Landform,rice farming,well salt,transportation and other factors have a profound impact on the distribution of the region's fair structure.The second part of this article analyzes the various elements related to the fairs,including proposer,fair name,fair duration,service coverage and etc..The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the relevant factors influencing the fair is carried out according to the order of"Proposal-Proposed Name-Contracted Duration-Service Coverage",and the types and characteristics of the fair are summarized.Although the story of Daihuawan(???)guiding people to revive the fair is a special case,from which we can know that the establishment of the fair is generally initiated and led by local celebrities.Through the analysis of the above elements,we can draw the following conclusions:the fairs of Wankaiyun District are generally named after current names,many of which are spread so far;and the fairs generally open ten days or open about one hundred consecutive days.In addition,in addition to the town such as Yunan town Wentangjin town,there are thousands of households to participate,the other towns generally only ten to hundreds of households to participate in the fair-town.The third part is a micro perspective study.By examining the geomorphology of the fair-town,the following conclusions can be drawn: First,the fair-town is mostly produced in the terrace and the dam area of the valley,which is basically in accordance with the law of river distribution.However,affected by traffic,a few areas are distributed over the mountain pass or the top of the mountain traffic line.Secondly,although only a few places in the area can be sailing,the region's transport network and river network structure is basically the same.Thus,with the valley area of landforms,agriculture,population and transportation and other regional advantages,the region distributed dense fair-towns.Finally,the organization based on linearity shows the important influence of landform and traffic route on the fair distribution in the region.Through the analysis of the distribution and function of the temple in the town,it is concluded that the fair-town is not only the economic central place,but also has the function of the cultural central place,which is mainly through the temples and the charitable schools attached to them to achieve. |
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