The Study Of Myanmar Girl’s Sexual Health Knowledge,Attitude,Behavior And Their Influencing Factors

Research Background :Sex is a complex issue that is closely related to health.With the improvement of human culture and living standards,the impact of human sexual problems on personal health will be far more profound and important than those previously recognized,and lack of sexual health knowledge or misconceptions and behavior will greatly affect people’s quality of life.The Sexual health problems are related not only to maternity and childbirth control,but also to the prevention of HIV / AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.Sexual health knowledge in different times and different societieshave different understanding and standards,different age stages also have different priorities and content.With the development of society and economy,the age of sexual maturity of young people is generally advanced and the marriage age is delayed.There are many studies showing that the premarital sex of young people has increased year by year,and the first sexual behavior age is also ahead of the trend,but sexual health knowledge is still quite lacking, especially girls.Sexual health knowledge is weak,there will be unsafe sex,vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases,AIDS and accidental pregnancy and other adverse consequences of damage,and girls are the only victims who are unsafe sex lead to unintended pregnancy.In recent years,the incidence of premarital sex in Myanmar young people has gradually increased,but Myanmar domestic prohibit abortion.Although some unintended pregnancy female or unmarried girls have the courage to give birth the child who have the ability to raise the child but afraid to face the community’s view because the Myanmar society like many Eastern countries have not yet been able to accept the single mother’s event.Myanmar society think that the discussion of sexual topics is very shameful,many Myanmar girls have lack of sexual health-related knowledge andthe research in this area is also less.So,most of the Myanmar girls face a lot of sexual health problems and no sexual health services in Myanmar.In China,since the reform has been studied on sexual health knowledge,attitudes and behavior have independent researchand the relationship between that three have done a lot of research and discussion and achieved some success.Objectives :To understand the current situation and differences of sexually related knowledge,attitude,behaviors and the desire of sexual health forgirls in different cities of Myanmar,to analyze their influencing factors and to provide scientific basis for the promotion of sexual health education and behavioral intervention in Myanmar girls.Method :1.Research Object: From Yangon and Mandalay city,using the overall sampling method were selected two different types of universities and one of charity school,age range 16-29 years old Myanmar girls,a total of 815 for the survey.2.Survey content:The investigation content is divided into four parts: First,the basic information has 8 questions;Second,sexual health-related knowledge is divided into a single choice 15 questions and multiple choice 9 questions,a total of 24 questions;Related attitudes and sexual behavior contains 10 questions;four,sexual health education needs of six issues,a total of 48 questions.3.Survey Method: By using group survey for the female students in different types of schoolto carry out the investigation in the anonymous self-fill way.Specific methods: first contact to the relevant person in charge of the school,coordination with the teacher,the class as a unit of measurement.4.Data Entry and Statistical Methods: Data entry with Excel 2007 software,SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data using X2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.The test level was α = 0.05,P <0.05 was statistical significance.5.Quality Control: Each time survey is unified give,unified retrieve and collect paper when the questionnaire is complete,if there are missing persons immediately asked to fill.Each questionnaire was reviewed before the entry,and the questionnaires with missing options were removed.The quality of input detected by sampling methods,specifically: each time enter the 100 questionnaires,that is,check the 15 questionnaires(15% of the detection rate)for item-by-item verification,completely accurate before they can continue to enter,otherwise,the 100 questionnairesto do one by one verification corrections and then enter the entry.Result:1.Survey of the Basic Situation: The survey has a total of 815 girls,aged 16-29 years,with an average age of 18.7 ± 2.6 years,nearly 84.5% is less than 20 years old,3.8% is greater than 25 years of age,of which 7 were married.47.2%is the place of birth in the city,72% is the study in the undergraduate,the monthly disposable income is less than 100,000 kyats(100,000 kyats = 500 yuan)of the main proportion,accounting for 65%.Most of Myanmar girls’ menarche age is 13-14 years old,accounting for 64.5%.2.Sexual Health Knowledge:Single choice answer to the correct rate of the most common problem is the common sexual transmission,the correct rate of 78.4%.Answer the correct rate of more than 50% of the problem of normal leucorrhea traits,the best female childbearing age,gynecological symptoms are subject to gynecological examination,the common route of sexual transmission and the most effective measures to control AIDS and other five issues.On the physiological characteristics of girls only 1/3 of girls know that menstrual blood organs,the menstrual isolation time and menstrual blood flow duration of the correct rate of 14.2% and 10.9% respectively.Myanmar girls on sexual healthrelated knowledge is very deficient,sexual health knowledge has the total score of 14 points,score 0-7 is divided into the lack of sexual health knowledge,score8-14 is divided into the basic health knowledge,Myanmar girls related sexual health knowledge is divided into 5.4 points,score>12 points is defined as “0”.Between the three schools,Universityof Foreign Language(UFL)havebasic health knowledge more than the other two schools.Multiple Choice Question Aspects: Choose the most important of their three options and then according to the selection rate of the first three to compare with the three schools with the highest rate of the first row of the same7 questions: to take note of menstrual period,the reason of virgin touch burst,knowing of contraceptive method,abortion or harmful of abortion,knowing of sexually transmitted diseases,how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS,the main way of transmission,etc.,the first two before the same question:the reason of virgin touch burst,the abortion or the harmful of abortion,knowing of sexually transmitted diseases,how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS,the main means of transmission,the first three before the same question: to take note of menstrual period,the reason of virgin touch burst,sensation and performance of pregnancy,knowing of sexually transmitted diseases,how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and the main way of transmission of AIDS.3.Sex-Related Attitude: More than 50% of Myanmar girls think that it is necessary to conduct pre-marital medical examination and early pregnancy,contraception and induced abortion related knowledge.1/3 of the Myanmar girls on the "sensitive topic" disgust and avoid that masturbation is a normal phenomenon is for less than 15.0%,do not know what is “masturbation” accounted for 68.5%.About 90.0% of Myanmar girls against premarital sex,25.5% of girls think that there are premarital sex is ’moral corruption’,’feel the event is normal’ 6.8%.Sexual attitudes are also scored a total score of 18 points,score 0-9 divided into ’sexual attitude conservative’,10-18 divided into ’sexual attitude open’.Sexuality is 16.0% open,with an average of 8.6 ± 3.0 and a minimum of 2 points.Different schools between University of Foreign Language(UFL)’s sexual attitudes is relatively open,the two other schools(YDB and YGN)sexual attitudes open close.4.Sexual Behavior: Reads about 12.6% of Myanmar girls who have directly described sexual intercourse,57.1% and 27.0% are never seen and want to see.Love situation;girlsnever talked about love are accounted for 50.3%,talked about a love are accounted for 38.8%,talked about more than twice are accounted for 10.9%.Myanmar girls’ masturbation and premarital sex were1.7% and 1.5%.Between the three schools,there have been seen the direct description of sexual intercourse,masturbation and premarital sex occurred in the proportion of University of Foreign Language(UFL)is the highest,Yadanabon University(YDB)is the lowest,talked about love situation charity school(YGN)and Yadanabon University(YDB)are closer.5.Sources and Needs of Sexual Health Knowledge: 51.2% of Myanmar girls in high school period began to contact with sexual health knowledge,never touched by 8.0%.The top three sources of sexual health knowledge were school education(45.0%),books and magazines(39.6%),and classmates(12.4%).The main sources of sexual health knowledge in different schools are also different.The main sources of sexual health knowledge of charity schools(YGN)are school education,books and magazines and exhibitions.The main sources of Yadanabon University(YDB)are school education,magazines and classmates or friends,In University of Foreign Language(UFL)sexual health knowledge of the top three followed by books and magazines,school education and classmates or friends.There is a cross between the first and second places of the same city’s Yadanabon University(YDB)and University of Foreign Language(UFL).The main sources of sexual health knowledge of Yadanabon University(YDB)and the charity school(YGN)are the same.The desire for school open sexual health education courses ’never considered’ was 41.8%,and the ’opposition’ was 4.0%.Myanmar women think that should be in the ’University first year’ period to carry out sexual health knowledge of 48.8%.The most popular way to carry out sexual health education is ’hold a lecture’(75.5%),with 10.0% hope to open an elective course.6.The Influencing Factors of Sexual Health-Related Knowledge: The single factor analysis of sexual knowledge found that the factors such as different survey sites,age,place of birth,education level and income had an effect on sexual health knowledge scores.Together with the age,the degree of education increased the health knowledge score increased.County girls and middleincome girls score are higher than urban and rural girls and low-income and high-income girls.Multivariate analysis showed that the educational level and monthly disposable income had an impact on sexual health knowledge scores.Sexual attitudes,single factor analysis showed that the girls in the county than the township and the city girls are slightly open attitude,undergraduate graduates than high school graduates and undergraduates in the sexual attitude is more open,sexual health knowledge of the girls are more open attitude,the monthly disposable high-income girls are less open than girls with low incomes.Multi-factor analysis of the result show that different schools,educational level,monthly disposable income and sexual health knowledge level of sexual attitudes has open impact.Sexual behavioral single factor analysis,female masturbationrate is higher in lack of sexual health and read about the direct description of sexual intercourse than the basic health knowledge of girls and have not seen the direct description of sexual intercourse.In addition,the girls who had seen sexual intercourse and who had masturbation had a higher incidence of premarital sex than girls who had not seen sexual intercourse and who had not had masturbation.Multivariate analysis has seen the impact of sexual intercourse on masturbation,and the occurrence of masturbation has an impact on premarital sex.There were no difference in sexual attitudes open and conservative occurrence of masturbation and premarital sexual behavior.ConclusionMyanmar girls’ sexual health related to the overall level of knowledge is not high,the apparent lack of sexual knowledge in many aspects,sexual attitudes is conservative;but sexual behavior is relatively open.In addition,knowing of the main way of transmission of AIDS and other sexual knowledge is poor and most of girls have not come into contact with formal,systematic sexual health education and knowledge sources are derived for school education.The degree of sexual health knowledge and sexual attitudes of different age,educational level and monthly disposable income are also different.Between the two cities, University of Foreign Language,sexual health-related cognitive level and sexual attitude is higher than the other two schools,the incidence of premarital sex "do not want to answer" the proportion is higher than the other two schools,Yadanabon University girls’ sexual behavior is the lowest incidence rate.With the increase in age and educational level,the level of health-related knowledge has increased.Although Myanmar girls know the common path of sexual transmission and know that AIDS is sexually transmitted diseases,but other gonorrhea and syphilis do not understand,on the girls reproductive healthrelated knowledge is lacking.The period for Myanmar girls first to contact with health-related knowledge is the relatively late,the school’s desire to carry out sexual health education is not high,desire in the school elective courses and compulsory courses open sexual health education is also very low.Suggestion:Myanmar domestic needs strong support and promotion of sexual health-related education,to help girls establish a formal and scientific sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes,sexual health education should be included in the school.Colleges and universities should strengthen the sexual morality and safety of sexual education,should focus on junior class and young aged girls.