| Grain crops are the most widely planted crops in Heilongjiang province,and the water consumption of grain crops is huge.In order to reveal the benefit output of water consumption of grain crops in Heilongjiang province,provide the technical support for agricultural water management and available water resources allocation in Heilongjiang province.On the basis of consulting the domestic and foreign literatures and the measured data in different regions of Heilongjiang province,the water productivity of grain crops in different regions of Heilongjiang province was calculated and analyzed.The main parameters of water productivity,such as irrigation water use efficiency,grain yield and grain yield per unit area,and the grain water footprint in different regions of Heilongjiang province was also analyzed.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The spatial and temporal distribution of irrigation water use efficiency in Heilongjiang province was analyzed,the results showed that the average irrigation water use efficiency in Heilongjiang province in 2006-2015 showed a steady increase trend.The irrigation water use efficiency of non well irrigated district in Heilongjiang province in 2012-2015 showed a steady increase trend;and the irrigation water use efficiency of well irrigated district in Heilongjiang province in 2012-2015 tends to be stable.There is no significant correlation between the irrigation water use efficiency and the annual precipitation in Heilongjiang,but there is a strong correlation between the irrigation water use efficiency and the temporal distribution of precipitation.(2)The temporal distribution ofeffective precipitation during the growing period in Heilongjiang province was analyzed,the results showed that the effective precipitation during growth period in Heilongjiang province showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing and then increasing in 2007-2012.The method of inverse distance weight was used to analyze the effective precipitation in the growth period of each region in Heilongjiang province,the results showed that there are some differences in the spatial distribution of precipitation of the growth period in Heilongjiang Province,which is generally high in the central and low around.The spatial and temporal distribution of grain yield per unit area in Heilongjiang province was analyzed,the results showed that the grain yield per unit area of Heilongjiang province in 2007-2012 has been increasing year by year.But due to the influence of natural disasters of agriculture,the grain crop yield per unit area showed decreasing trend in 2008-2009.And there is also a big difference in the spatial distribution of grain yield per unit area in Heilongjiang province.(3)The water productivity index of grain in Heilongjiang province was calculated,and the spatial and temporal distribution was analyzed,the results showed that the spatial distribution of gross irrigation water productivity of grain crops in different regions of Heilongjiang province is larger,and the gross irrigation water productivity of Khingan Range and Heihe was significantly higher than that in other regions.The spatial distribution pattern of gross inflow water productivity,generalized water productivity and evapotranspiration water productivity in Heilongjiang province were similar,which are relatively low compared with that of gross irrigation water productivity.Due to the reduction of grain yield per unit area of Heilongjiang Province during 2008-2009,the gross inflow water productivity,generalized water productivity and evapotranspiration water productivity all showed a downward trend during 2008-2009,which are show an increasing trend during 2007-2008 orduring 2009-2012.However,due to the combined influence of the reduction of grain yield per unit area in Heilongjiang Province during 2008-2009 and the extreme value of gross irrigation water productivity of Greater Khingan,the gross irrigation water productivity showed a downward trend during 2008-2011,which are show an increasing trend during 2007-2008 or during 2011-2012.(4)The correlation analysis method was used to analyze the influence factors for irrigation water productivity of grain in Heilongjiang province,the results showed that the main influence factors for gross irrigation water productivity are the annual average temperature,latitude,grain yield per unit area and irrigation water per unit area.The influence factorsfor gross inflow water productivity are GDP per capita and grain yield per unit area.The main influence factor of generalized water productivity is grain yield per unit area.And the main influence factor for evapotranspiration water productivity is grain yield per unit area.(5)The water footprint of grain in Heilongjiang province was calculated and analyzed.The calculation results showed that the blue water footprint ratio is relatively low.The grain production of Heilongjiang province has a high dependence on green water resource.Spatial analysis showed that there are significant differences in the spatial distribution of grain water footprint in different regions of Heilongjiang Province,which is generally high in the northeast and low in the southwest.And the spatial distribution differenceof the blue water footprint is larger than the green water footprint.Moran's I spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that blue water footprint and green water footprint of grain crops in Heilongjiang province all have spatial aggregation of similar values.Temporal analysis showed that also due to the reduction of grain yield per unit area of Heilongjiang province during 2008-2009,the grain water footprint showed a downward trend during 2008-2009,which are show an increasing trend during 2007-2008 or during 2009-2012.The blue water footprint of grain crops in Heilongjiang province were significantly lower than that the green water footprint.In conclusion,the analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of crop water productivity in Heilongjiang province and its influence factors analysis is able to understand the situation of water production of grain crops in Heilongjiang Province.Itis helpful to tap the potential of water saving in the production of grain crops,to improve the benefit output of water for grain crop production in Heilongjiang Province,to alleviate the water contradiction between grain crop production in Heilongjiang province and other water bodies,to realize the rational allocation and effective utilization of the limited available water resources.It is of great significance to improve the level of water resources management of grain crops in Heilongjiang Province,to ensure the safety of crop production and water resources security. |
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