| Due to the sustained, rapid development of the economy, the increasing quality of people’s life in modern society, the proportion of industrial and living water is increasing and the water utilization for grain production is faced with severe challenge. The water resources consumption in the grain production takes quite a large proportion of the agricultural water. Under the premise of guaranteeing the sustainable development of grain production, how to reduce water consumption of grain production, it has become a pressing problem. And improving the water utilization efficiency of grain production is an important countermeasure. In recent years, as a new quantitative analysis method, the water footprint has been widely used, which can completely and clearly describe the characteristics of water consumption in the grain production, and provide a basis to improve the water utilization efficiency of grain production. Taking Jilin Province as the research object, which is an important grain production base in China, from the perspective water footprint for grain crop production, investigate the efficiency of water use in grain production problems and seek solutions consistent with the social economic conditions in different areas, and then provide a basis for sustainable development of grain production efficient utilization of agricultural water resources in Jilin Province.On the basis of calculating the green, blue, grey and total water footprint of maize, rice and soybean production from 1999 to 2013 in Jilin Province, the research analyzed the characteristics of its spatial and temporal changes. We investigated the spatial pattern characteristics of water footprint of 3 types of grain crop production based on GIS spatial analysis methods, which included space autocorrelation analysis, hotspots analysis and spatial variogram analysis. Then, influencing factors of water footprint of grain production was analyzed using geographical weighted regression (GWR) method. Finally, we discussed the water utilization efficiency of grain production and its changes based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index approach. The research mainly draws the following conclusion:1) The level of per unit area yield of grain production in Jilin province is relatively high, and the proportion of sown area and total yield in the whole country is gradually increasing. The sown area, total yield and per unit area yield of grain production exhibitd a fluctuating but increasing tendency. The regional differences of grain production was significant. The sown area and total yield of grain production was the largest in Changchun, and per unit area yield was largest in Siping. The maize and soybean production in Jilin Province had comprehensive advantages, in which maize production is relatively outstanding. The advantages of maize production in the central region of Jilin Province was superior, soybean was in the eastern region, while the distribution of rice production is not concentrated.2) The water footprint and its constituent (blue water footprint, green water footprint and grey water footprint) of maize and rice production exhibitd a fluctuating but decreasing tendency from 1999 to 2013 in Jilin Province, while the soybean exhibitd a increasing tendency and relative stability. From the point of view of the composition, the production of maize, rice and soybean in Jilin Province mainly depends on green water. Under the influence of climate and agricultural production conditions, there were great differences in the space distribution of water footprint and its constituent for three crops production. The central region was lower, and east and west region were higher.3) The spatial agglomeration effects of water footprint of maize, rice and soybean production in Jilin Province were remarkable, and structured features were obvious in 1999,2006 and 2013. On the whole, hot areas of water footprint were mainly distributed in the Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian and Baicheng, while cold areas were mainly distributed in the Changchun, Jilin and Siping. From the parameter fitting of spatial variogram, the spatial difference of water footprint of maize production increased, and rice and soybean decreased constantly,4) The results of GWR model show that the effects of precipitation, temperature, effective irrigation area, agricultural machinery power and chemical fertilizers consumption on the water footprint of grain production existed spatial regularity and difference. The influence of precipitation and temperature on the water footprint of grain production showed a downward trend, and the influence of effective irrigation area, agriculture machinery power and fertilizer application amount on grain production water footprint was firstly increased and then decreased. There were significant negative correlation between precipitation, effective irrigation area, agricultural machinery power, chemical fertilizers and water footprint, while positive correlation between temperature and water footprint.5) On the whole, the comprehensive efficiency of water utilization for the grain production was low, and it showed a decreasing trend. The regional difference was obvious, and the central region was higher. Only a few counties had reached the best of comprehensive, pure and scale efficiency, and the imbalance of water resources allocation and the lack of technical management were the main restrictive factors. Due to step backward of technology, the total factor productivity showed the recession phenomenon from 1999 to 2013 in Jilin Province, and only a few cities were more than 1. The water utilization efficiency of grain production in three units had a certain degree of reduction, the downward trend in the western areas was most obvious. |
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