A Research Of An Evaluation Of Migrant Workers Wages

As the price of labor, wage is a set of complex informations. It not only depends on the marginal productivity that labor can provide, at the same time also depends on the labor conditions provided by the productivity; it presents in the form of immediate rewards, also presents in the form of delayed benefits. Therefore, the information about migrant workers wages offered by existing researches may be biased, which based on the "investigation wage" observed by some statistical investigations. This paper, based on the theory of "Compensating Wage Differential", comprehensively considering two aspects of migrant worker’s job characteristics in the urban labor market-harder working conditions and fewer social security, assuming migrant workers get equal to urban workers wage compensation, by constructiong corresponding estimation method of wage compensation, adjusts "investigation wage" to "comparable wage". The paper use this comparable caliber to further observe migrant workers wages and the wage gap between urban and rural workers, hoping in a more comprehensive and objective perspective to more scientifically and reasonably measure and evaluate the real level and change features of migrant workers wages in the recent ten years in China’s labor market.The research idea and observation method of this paper are as follows:First of all, selecting the group with low human capital requirement among which individual ability is of no difference according to professional category, to ensure that wage gap between jobs is determined by the job characteristics. Secondly, estimating the compensation wages of urban and rural laborer within the three kinds of working conditions jobs and the three types of social security jobs, the former simulated by wage equation and the latter estimated by reductive wages. Thirdly, further to estimate the compensation wages corresponding to job distribution of migrant workers between the three kinds of working conditions jobs and the three types of social security jobs, using all the compensation wages(both within jobs and between jobs compensation) to adjust the caliber of migrant workers wages. Finally, observing the migrant workers wages based on productivity rewards, under the comparable calibar of working conditions and social security to assess the migrant workers wages.This paper, by using the micro data from "The survey of urban and rural residents in Zhejiang Province" in 2003-2012 and "The monitoring survey of migrant workers in Zhejiang Province" in 2009-2012 forms the research sample, and makes the following conclusions:(1)From observing the absolute level, there is a large rise in the absolute wages level of migrant workers. After adjusting working conditions and social security of jobs, the "comparable wage" increased year by year, with the average annual growth of 10.22% and 16.40%, which similar to the "investigation wage" average annual growth of 10.64% and 14.82%. And there is a distinctive "worst working conditions, highest wage", "fewest social security, lowest wage" feature of different job wages. (2)From observing the relative level, the increasing of migrant workers relative wages is limited. After adjusting working conditions and social security of jobs, the monthly wage ratio between urban and rural workers on the "comparable wage" caliber is obviously greater than that approximate ratio of 1:1 on the "investigation wage" caliber. The actually bigger wage gap gives the fact that migrant workers wages is actually lower compared with urban workers. If considering the fact that there is an systematic error of hours between urban and rural workers, the wage gap may be further widen and the rise of migrant workers relative wages may be more limited. (3)The rise of migrant workers wages on absolute level not fundamentally change their status in urban labor market. The wage gap between urban and rural areas mainly comes from the working conditions differences and social security differences included in jobs. Being unable to get better job opportunities and more social security(migrant workers still focus on the jobs with worst working conditions(about 50%) and fewest social security(more than 60%)) very likely are the important reasons for the low labor supply of migrant workers.To this end, this paper argues that the basic solution to improve migrant workers "urban status" is to provide equal employment rights and equal security opportunities. Among them, the first way is to ensure migrant workers owning equal employment rights as urban workers, to do this we should break the barrier of household registration, and further improve the public employment service system of labor market; the important guarantee is to ensure migrant workers enjoying equal social security rights, to do this we should further improve the social security system which covering city and countryside, and deepen the reform of household registration system in order to promote the process of urbanization of migrant workers.