A Research On The Education Of Migrant Children Under The Perspective Of Social Exclusion

The issue of migrant children is not only a matter of education, but also a complicated political and social problem. The eighteen report of the Communist Party have indicated that a satisfied education must make sure that the migrant children have equal access to education. In July30,2014,"the advise on further advancing the reform of the household registration system" has indicated that to guarantee the migrant children’s rights to receive education and improvement measures for implementing the migrant children entrance examination policy, underlines the government’s efforts in the implementation of the new reform of household registration system of migrant children education problem.There are three migrant children out of ten children in Zhejiang province, especially in Hangzhou, where the migrant children rate has reached34.07%of all the students in Hangzhou. There are54various education institutions in Xiacheng district. The amount of students in school is31,375in total, in which the migrant children number is14,060, on the account of44.8%. The number is much more beyond the proportion in Hangzhou city and in Zhejiang province. However, the education resource is limited in the public schools in this district. It’s not possible to meets the educational needs of all the migrant children there. The emergence of migrant schools have make up for the shortage of government education resource in some extent. While the problem of the migrant children education dilemma is still exist. The situation like entrance difficulty, unfair treatment and difficult to integrate into the city life have not been effectively solved. The Pearl Education Group is founded by the Xiacheng district, it is the first nine year consistency school especially for the migrant children. It presents a typical research example of the education problem of migrant children and provides the grass-roots experience in both theoretical and experimental level in Xiacheng district.Due to the policy and institutional constraints, the migrant children, as a vulnerable group, has faced the rejection of local institutions, economics, cultures and social relations. As a result, it’s difficult for them to receive the same treatment as the local children here in the city. Therefore, eliminate the rejection of the migrant children education, especially during the compulsory education stage, accelerate the integration into the city life is a problem that cannot be avoided in the process of urbanization of the people. Honestly, there have been a lot of researches about the education of the migrant children, these researches have mainly from the perspective of education, and these has provide a solid foundation to the further analysis of the migrant children education problem, while the perspective of "social institutions" in these researches is not deep enough. In this paper, using the social exclusion theory as the research framework, comprehensive analysis the situation, difficulties and solutions of the migrant children education problem from the four aspect of institutions, cultures, economics and social relations, and present the countermeasure suggestions to solve the problem effectively.From the aspect of social exclusion theory, the cause of educational problems of migrant children comes from the government, schools, communities,and migrant families, etc.,due to the institutional exclusion, economic exclusion, cultural exclusion and social exclusion. Institutionally, due to household registration system and school system that exists, migrant has suffered unequal treatment in education opportunities and the process of education. Economically, employment pressure and survival pressure that exists in migrant families, has limited the development of migrant children. Culturally, different attitude in lifestyle and core value intensifying the contradiction between the migrant children and the city. Socially, the exclusion comes from city and the weak network of relationship have had a bad effect on social inclusion, which might cause vicious circle, the increase of the juvenile criminal in the migrant population is a case in point.Therefore, the problem needs to be solved from four aspects. Firstly, it needs government predominance to promote the reform of household registration system and to accelerate social management system innovation to gradually eliminate the institutional exclusion. Secondly, the social environment of employment should be improved,and the employment channels should be expanded to protect the rights of migrant parents to finally eliminate economic exclusion. Thirdly, exploring the potential and exerting guiding function of schools and do family education to eliminate the cultural exclusion. Fourthly, innovation of community management and enhancement of community services function should be take, and schools, families, communities must be together to eliminate social exclusion.