| BackgroundThe past two decades see on the one hand, a social and economic development improving people’s living standards. On the other hand, changes in lifestyle behaviors and dietary patterns causing obesity is becoming a worldwide public health problem threatening human health. Diet and excessive energy absorption is too large. If the energy consumption is slow, it will promote fat generation and continue to accumulate in the body. Over time this will form obesity and lead to a variety of chronic metabolic diseases. Test a variety of epidemiological methods obesity:body mass index (BMI) is a measure of overall obesity; waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height index (WHtR) etc. is a measure of abdominal obesity/Central an important indicator of obesity. Currently the population widespread largely due to high blood pressure in overweight and obesity, and the consequent complications but also to people’s health has brought adverse effects. Hypertension prevalence need close attention to national health sector and to take effective measures to prevent and treat.ObjectiveThis paper aims to study trends of 12 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions in 1993-2011; 18-65 adult population obese different indicators, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR); obesity by influencing different indicators of hypertension, explore effective method for the prevention, diagnosis, and provide valuable theoretical basis to control high blood pressure.Subjects and Methods1. StudyResearch data from the "China Health and Nutrition Survey," by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States; Portrait of long-term cooperation projects State University of North Carolina Population Center in collaboration, select 1993-2011 years in the past 20 years have complete information age, sex, height, weight, waist, hip, three blood pressure measurements and other survey data 18-65-year-old adult population study.2. Statistical MethodsUsing SPSS 16.0 software for statistical analysis. Quantitative data with normal distribution using the mean+standard deviation (+s) described in each index level (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, etc.), within the groups were compared using independent sample t-test or variance analysis; qualitative data using percentage or ratio (%) to describe the (gender, age, urban and rural, overweight, obesity, central obesity, abdominal obesity, the prevalence of hypertension, high blood pressure dangerous rate, etc.), the difference between the two groups chi-square test; trend test using chi-square test for statistical trend analysis; for BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR contact with the blood pressure correlation analysis; calculating a ratio of the factors believable than (odds ratio, OR) and 95% interval (95% confidence interval,95% CI); Logistic regression method to analyze the degree of obesity and type of obesity hypertension risk predictors. P<0.05 indicates significant difference.Results1. Basic trends of obesity and various physical indicators index1993-2011 years,18-65-years adult population survey data show that height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WHR, WHtR showed an increasing trend. Sex, age and urban-rural differences are important factors to obesity each index change.2. Different reference standard indicators of obesity case detection rateOverall the study of overweight rate of 17.7% in 1993 rose to 33.0% in 2011, the overall obesity rate in 1993 rose 2.9% to 12.3% in 2011, central obesity detection rate in 1993 increased by 9.3% 2011 of 32.9%, abdominal obesity which was 42.4% in 1993 rose to 63.7% in 2011. Disaggregated by sex, female overweight and obesity rates rose less than men, the detection rate of central obesity and abdominal obesity were higher than males. Classification by urban and rural population overweight rose less than urban populations, but the rate of obesity and central obesity rose higher than the detection rate of the urban population, each year the detection rate of abdominal obesity in urban populations. By age group 51-65 age the rate of overweight, obesity, central obesity and abdominal obesity detection rate is highest. Classification by location, the obesity in the north is more serious as in the south, in which each region of the Yellow River Basin obesity index values are the largest, followed by the Northeast region, the Yangtze River region again, and finally in southern China.3. The value of blood pressure trends, the prevalence of hypertension and dangerous rate.The study of hypertension detection rate of 12.3% in 1993 rose to 19.0% in 2011, the risk of hypertension increased from 26.7% in 1993 to 57.4% in 2011. Disaggregated by sex, each year the detection rate of hypertension in men than women, but the risk of hypertension rate far lower than women.but the risk of hypertension rate is far lower than with women. Classification by urban and rural population and the risk of hypertension detection rate is higher than the rate of increase of the urban population detection rate.51-65 age group the rate of overweight, obesity, central obesity and abdominal obesity detection rate detection rate is highest. By geographical region, blood pressure, hypertension prevalence and hazard rate showed a downward trend from north to south. The highest prevalence of the northeast region increased from 20.0% in 1993 to 25.4% in 2011, the lowest prevalence in southern China. The highest rate of high blood pressure dangerous Yellow River Basin area, increased from 36.2% in 1993 to 62.0% in 2011, the lowest rate of danger is in southern China.4. The impact of obesity on blood pressure index analysisValue increases with BMI, blood pressure fluctuated upward trend. Central obesity, blood pressure values were higher than the central pre-obese people, and with the increase of the year showed an upward trend fluctuation. Abdominal obesity blood pressure values were higher than the normal population abdominal, and with the increase of the year showed an upward trend fluctuation. Population at risk of blood pressure values were significantly higher than the normal population, and with the increase of the year showed an upward trend. Men detected blood pressure values of the same year were significantly higher than females.5. The impact of obesity on the prevalence of hypertension index analysisWith BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR value increases, the prevalence of hypertension proportion showed an increasing trend. With the increase of the year, with BMI as a reference standard, weight overweight prevalence fluctuated upward trend, obese body weight fluctuated downward trend; With WC as a reference standard, The average prevalence of hypertension in men than women, which men central obesity and central obesity pre-set group showed a decline in volatility, a smaller group of women central obesity and central obesity pre-set trends; with WHR as a reference standard for men and women with hypertension abdominal obesity, group prevalence fluctuated upward trend; as a reference standard to WHtR normal prevalence of hypertension fluctuated upward trend, the trend is more moderate risk group.6. Correlation Analysis6.1 After adjustment for age, gender and rural-urban distribution of obesity among the indicators are positively correlated. Wherein, WC and WHtR strongest correlation, BMI and WHR correlation is weakest.6.2 After adjustment for age, gender and rural-urban distribution of the strongest positive correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.757), each of obesity index was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed. WC and systolic and diastolic most relevant, followed by BMI and WHtR,WHR and systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated weakest.7. The risk factors of hypertension Multivariate Logistic regression analysisAfter controlling for year, gender, age, overweight, obesity, central obesity preliminary, central obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension hazard rate and other factors are all suffering from hypertension risk factors. Among them, the risk of adult men suffering from hypertension is 1.953 times higher than women; the older the more likely to suffer from blood pressure,36-50 years old age group and the risk of suffering from high blood pressure in the 51-65 age group is 18 to 35 years old age group respectively 2.082 and 4.926 times; detectable risk of overweight and obese hypertensive were those with normal body mass index of 2.375 times and 4.572 times; the early detection of the risk of central obesity and central obesity with hypertension which were of normal 1.003 times and 1.284 times; abdominal obesity by 1.236 times is normal; waist-height ratio is greater than normal risk populations and suffering from high blood pressure compared to 0.5 OR= 1.448.Conclusion:1.1993 Year-2011, nearly 20 years of survey data show that 11 Chinese provinces obesity index 18-65 years adult population of BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR etc. showed a rising trend. Obese male population is higher than the female population, but women abdominal obesity is serious, the crowd growing obesity rates in rural areas, the elderly population has particularly severe obesity rates.2. The blood pressure values of the adult population and prevalence of hypertension increases with rising year, male hypertension prevalence in the female population, the prevalence of hypertension among rural population presents overtake urban population trend, the elderly population the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher than with young people. The distribution of obesity showed a gradual downward trend from north to south, the north obesity and blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension is higher as in the south.3. Hypertension and obesity are closely linked. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased with each increase in obesity indices and showed an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension also increased. WC and BMI can be determined as the rate of prevalence of hypertension and the risk of an important indicator, WHR and WHtR can be used as an important indicator of the prevalence of hypertension and dangerous influence rates. |
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