| ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the exposure of pentachlorophenol(PCP)and tumor incidence level among common people in the Yangtze River basin in Anhui. It has conducted a preliminary study to explore the relationship between the exposure level of PCP and the tumor incidence in the regional community in the long term, to establish the hygiene standards of PCP in the food and drinking water as well as provided a theoretical basis about health inspection policies for China.MethodsThe study has collected tumor incidence data in Chizhou, Tongling and Maanshan from 2011 to 2014, and it has employed the method of solid-phase extraction--gas chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry to detect the PCP level of drinking water and humans’ urine. Based on gender, age, tumor type and divided exposure areas, it has employed the average annual number of tumor cases to make a statistical analysis of the crude tumor incidence and standardized incidence rates. The study has compared the standardized incidence rates in different PCP exposure areas so as to assess the influence of PCP on tumor incidence. It has taken advantage of the PCP level indrinking water to evaluate and study the exposure levels of PCP in certain region and the region can be divided into high, medium and low exposure through interquartile range method. Through taking the low exposure area as the reference group, the tumor incidence risks of PCP are evaluated by calculating the standardized incidence rate of the specific tumors of sodium pentachlorophenol in medium and high exposure regions.ResultsThis study has collected a total number of 15914 cases of tumor patients, of which males account for 9959 cases and female 5955 cases with the annual crude incidence rate of tumor in the research area of 197.61/100000 and the standardized incidence rate of 142.10/100000. Among males, The crude incidence rate of tumor has accounted for243.83/100000 and the standardized incidence rate of 186.62/100000; For females, the crude incidence rate of tumor has accounted for 149.70/100000 and the standardized incidence rate of 111.70/100000. The standardized incidence rates of tumor in both males’ digestive and reproductive systems tumor are higher than females, but lower than females in terms of endocrine system and urinary system tumor.The incidence of digestive tumors, respiratory system tumors, endocrine system tumors, reproductive system and urinary system tumors in Tongling are higher than those in Chizhou and Dangtu. The respective data are as follows: respiratory system tumors(Dangtu/Tongling SRR: 0.32,95%CI:0.31~0.42; Chizhou/Tongling SRR:0.46,95%CI: 0.45~0.47), reproductive system tumors(Dangtu/Tongling SRR:0.51,95%CI: 0.48~0.55; Chizhou/Tongling SRR: 0.74,95%CI:0.70~0.79), digestive system tumors(Dangtu/Tongling SRR: 0.31,95%CI: 0.30~0.31; Chizhou/Tongling SRR:0.46,95 %CI: 0.45~0.47).With the increase of exposure levels of PCP, the leukemia and lymphoma infemales tend to increase in PCP-specific tumors. Although the standardized incidences of ovarian tumor, thyroid tumor, brain, neurological tumors, breast tumor, liver tumor,endocrine system tumors in high exposure areas are higher than those in low exposure areas, there is no statistically significant difference between medium and low exposure areas.ConclusionThe overall standardized incidence rate of tumors in research areas is lower than the national incidence rate, as the regional high tumor spectrum is almost consistent with the national level but in different orders. The incidence of digestive system tumor is higher than the national level with the incidence rate in males higher than in females.The incidence of tumor is on the rise with the increase of age and we should strengthen the monitoring of the digestive system tumors as well as improve the preventive health care for the elderly and males.The incidence of digestive tumors, respiratory system tumors, endocrine system tumors, reproductive system and urinary system tumors in Tongling are higher than those in Chizhou and Dangtu. With the increase of exposure levels of PCP, the leukemia and lymphoma in females tend to increase in PCP-specific tumors. Although the standardized incidences of ovarian tumor, thyroid tumor, brain, neurological tumors,breast tumor, liver tumor, endocrine system tumors in high exposure areas are higher than those in low exposure areas, there is no statistically significant difference between medium and low exposure areas. |
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