| Objective(1) To understand the intake status of nutrients and all kinds of food among residents in Yangpu District and to study the residents’dietary structure and its changes.(2) To understand the prevalence of the chronic disease such as overweight/obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesteremia, and abnormal blood lipids among the residents in Yangpu District.(3) To explore the relationship between the residents’dietary habit, life style and their health status.MethodsThree of the 11 streets in Yangpu District were randomly selected as the survey sites of the Health and Nutrition Survey among the residents by multi-stage sampling and cluster random sampling in 2012, all family members of 103 households for the survey were selected. All the members in the case of informed consent were carried out the face-to-face interview surveys, medical examination, laboratory tests and dietary surveys. The 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used to collect food intake information of all family members aged 2 and above, except for the condiment intake, which was collected by weighting method. Food nutrient composition database was created by Excel 2007 software and the nutrient content of each food from "Chinese Food Composition Table version 2" and "China Food Composition Table 2004", The average nutrients intake, energy and food intake per reference man per day of the residents were calculated and analyzed by using the database. SPSS 16.0 software was implicated for the statistical analysis. The means of BMI, SBP, DBP between different gentle and age groups were compared by t test, variance analysis, the difference between the prevalence of chronic diseases were compared by chi-square test, the disease trends were tested by the trend test, the relationship between dietary, health status and the influencing factors of some chronic disease were explored by a multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe dietary and nutrition status among residents in Yangpu Distirct(1) food intakes:the average food intakes per reference man per day among Yangpu District residents was grains and grain products 317.0g, vegetable 425.2g, fruit 102.7g, meat (livestock and poultry) and meat products 183.6g, fish, shellfish and mollusk 92.8g, milk and milk products 127.9g, beans and bean products 25.9g, edible oil 32.8g, salt 6.8g, soy sauce 9.6g, drinking water and beverages 637.7g.(2) nutrient intakes:the average nutrient intakes per reference man per day among Yangpu District residents were energy 2293.0kcal, protein 94.0g, fat 96.6g, carbohydrate 272.5g, VitaminA 780.9μgRE, VitaminB1 1.1mg, VitaminB2 1.3mg, niacin 22.1mg, VitaminC 152.3mg, VitaminE 33.6mg, Ca 672.5mg, P 1281.4mg, K 2673.7mg, Na 4560.8mg, Mg 367.8mg, Fe 25.2mg, Zn 13.8mg, Se 66.6mg, Cu 2.3mg, Mn 6.6mg.(3)the ratio of the energy supplied by foods:the energy supplied by cereal food, animal food, pure heat food, beans and the other food respectively accounted for 29.3%,28.8%,15.8%,3.0% and 23.1% of total energy among the residents in Yangpu District.(4)the ratio of the energy supplied by nutrients and food sources of protein and fat: the energy supplied by protein, fat and carbohydrate accounted for 16.5%,37.8% and 45.7% of the total energy respectively. The ratio of the energy supplied by fat and protein decreased and supplied by carbohydrate increased compared with the 2007’s(both P<0.001). The dietary protein supplied by cereal food, beans, animal food and the other food respectively accounted for 19.0%,6.4%,49.3% and 25.4% of total dietary protein. The dietary fat supplied by animal food and vegetable food respectively accounted for 48.6% and 51.4% of total dietary fat among residents in Yangpu district.(5) The average daily sleeping time of the residents was 7.5 hrs in Yangpu District. The proportions of the resident trip mode by walking, by bicycles and by cars were 31.8%、20.2%、48.0% respectively, and the average daily time of trip, housework and meditation were 67.9 mins,76.7mins and 2.9hrs respectively. The ratio of participating in exercise was 33.0%, and the average daily exercise time was 53.6 mins. The drinking and smoking rates were 13.7% and 12.9%, both rates for the male were all higher than those for the female (both P<0.001).The general health status among residents in Yangpu District(1) The self-evaluating health status of the residents was divided into three types, which were good type, general type and poor type, and they accounted for 63.5%, 32.6% and 3.9% respectively. There was a significant difference in the self-evaluating health status between the different age groups among residents, and the self-evaluating health status of the people aged 60 and above was worse than the 15～44 and 45～59 years old (P<0.001)(2) The housework and work abilities of the residents were divided into three types, which were non-difficult type, general type and difficult type, and they accounted for 84.1%、14.2% and 1.7% respectively. There was a significant difference in the housework and work abilities between the different age groups among residents, and the housework and work abilities of the people aged 60 and above was worse than the 15-44 and 45-59 years old (P<0.001).(3) The average score of physical function among the residents was 22. There was a significant difference in the score of physical function between the different age groups, and the average score of physical function of the people aged 60 and above was worse than the 15～44 and 45～59 years old (P<0.001)The prevalence of chronic diseases and its relationship with dietary and physical exercise among residents in Yangpu district(1) The average waist circumference and hip circumference of the residents in Yangpu District were 81.9～9.8(cm) and 93.8 ～ 6.9(cm). The prevalence of abdominal adiposity was 44.8%, and the average levels of FBG, TG and SBP in the abdominal adiposity were higher than in the normal.(2) The average BMI of the residents was 23.94～3.55(kg/m2),the prevalence was 42.3% for overweight and 5.6% for obesity, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 47.9%. The average family income≥50000RMB and energy intakes/RNI≥100% were the risk factors.(3) The average SBP was 133±22(mmHg) and the average DBP was 84±12 (mmHg) among the residents, and the older, the higher the SBP and the DBP. The crude prevalence rate was 50.7% for hypertension among the residents, and the older, the higher the prevalence. The prevalence levels of middle-aged and old-aged people were all higher than 50%. Old age, salt intakes≥6g/d, overweight/obesity were the risk factors of hypertension, and physical exercise was protective factor.(4) The average blood glucose level of the residents was 5.48±1.65(mmol/L). The prevalence for hyperglycemia was 14.4%. The ratio of the energy supplied by carbohydrate≥65%and abdominal obesity were the risk factors of hyperglycemia.(5) The average total cholesterol level of the residents was 4.60±0.89(mmol/L), and the average triglyceride level was 1.4±0.99(mmol/L). The prevalence for hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesteremia, borderline high cholesterol, abnormal blood lipids were 24.6%,9.5%,12.8% and 31.8% respectively. Old age and meditate time such as watching TV and online time≥4h/d were the risk factors of hypertriglyceridemia, and physical exercise was the protective factor of hypercholesteremia.Conclusions(1) The dietary quality was optimized but the dietary structure was not rational among the residents.The dietary status was improved gradually among the residents in Yangpu District, and the dietary quality was tending to be optimized. The ratio of energy supplied by fat and protein decreased and supplied by carbohydrate increased. The average energy intake per reference man per day of Yangpu District residents was 2293.0kcal, which was in a reasonable range(1800～2300kcal) of energy reference intake from"Dietary Guidelines for Chinese". The intakes of grains and grain products, fish and vegetables were enough basically, but the dietary structure was not rational. For example, the intakes of fruits, milk and its products, water, beans and nuts were insufficient, and the intakes of meat, egg, oil and salt were too much. The ratio of the energy supplied by fat was too high and supplied by carbohydrate was too low. The intakes of minerals and vitamins (such as Ca, Zn, VitaminA, VitaminB1, VitaminB2) had not reached the reference intakes and the residents’intakes of protein, Zn, Se, VitaminB1, VitaminB2, VitaminC were insufficient.(2) The unhealthy behavior and lifestyle was serious among the residents.The average daily meditation time was 2.9 hrs for the residents in Yangpu District, higher than 2.5 hrs for the national residents in 2002. The main traffic mode is by bus/car/subway. The rate of the residents participating in exercises is low, which is only 33.0%, especially the young people. The male’s rates of smoking and drinking were both high.(3) The prevalence for the chronic disease was high.The prevalence for the chronic disease such as overweight/obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesteremia, and abnormal blood lipids were all high levels, and had a tendency toward the young among the residents in Yangpu District. The unhealthy dietary and less physical exercise had a relationship with the chronic disease. |
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