The Change Of CD4~+CD25~+ Regulatory T Cells In The Peripheral Blood Of Allergic Rhinitis Children

Allergic rhinitis(AR) is a common diseases of otolaryngology head and neck surgery. It is a Ig E mediated allergic diseases, mainly for the chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa. At present, the incidence of allergic rhinitis increased gradually year by year, about 10% to 25% of the level in the global scope[1-2].The incidence of allergic rhinitis is related to two important factors, which include environmental factors and genetic factors. Because of the differences in geology, climate, atmosphere, et al, the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis have regional characteristics. Epidemiological survey on AR from specific areas has a positive significance on early prevention of AR, and also can provide reference for the local allergen specific immunotherapy.Allergic rhinitis is a type I hypersensitivity reaction, the occurrence and development of AR are regulated by various factors. There are many researches indicate that allergic rhinitis is mainly due to the imbalance of Th1/Th2[3]. With the discovery and further research of regulatory T cells(Treg) and Th17, the immune regulation function of which supply and illustrate the deficiencies of Th1/Th2 theory, and further reveal the pathogenesis of AR[4-5]. The Treg cell is a subgroup of T lymphocyte, it can control autoimmune reaction. The Treg cell has two forms contain natural regulatory T lymphocyte and adaptive regulatory T lymphocyte, and the former mainly refers to CD4+CD25+ Treg. CD4+CD25+ Treg plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AR. Foxp3, as an activation marker of the Treg cell, modulate the activity of Treg cell, maintain the development and function of Treg cells, through regulate various genes[6].Objective: In order to provide guidance for the early prevention and desensitization therapy or immunotherapy for local children with AR, to find the more effective therapy of allergic rhinitis, so as to improve the quality of life, we collect the blood samples from standard of allergic rhinitis in children and the normal children, test the level of CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in peripheral blood, and make comparisons, discuss the function of CD4+CD25+ Treg cell and Foxp3 in AR.Methods: Select 30 AR children of which the positive dust mite allergen skin prick test(skin prick, test, SPT) as the case group, and select 30 healthy children as the control group. Draw peripheral venous blood from them. Detection the level of CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg use flow cytometry, get the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Finally, statistically analyse the data, the difference was statistically significant while p<0.05.Results: The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg to CD4+ T lymphocytes in the AR group is(4.22±0.83)%, while(6.72±0.81)% in the control group, the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg to CD4+ T lymphocytes in the AR group is(2.64±1.13)%, while(5.31±1.49)% in the control group. The percentage in the AR group is significantly lower than the control group, and calculated the p<0.05, the difference had statistical significance.Conclusion: CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg represent a lower level in AR children. The low expression of Regulatory T cells and Foxp3 or even defects perhaps weaken the inhibition of immune individuals, may be one of the reasons for the occurrence of allergic rhinitis.