Clinical Features Of Full Term Infants And Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Objective: To investigate the different clinical characteristics ofrespiratory distress syndrome(RDS)with various gestational ages and toguide the clinician to prevent and treat RDS correctly.Methods: A total of1133cases of RDS in our department fromJan.2008to Dec.2012were divided into full-term group and preterm groupaccording to gestational age. According to illness severity they weredivided into mild group and severe group again. The clinical data in eachgroup were analyzed.Results:(1) The proportions of children with RDS over the same period were3.05%(53/5022),2.27%(135/5947),3.35%(235/7023),4.17%(316/7569),3.96%(294/7418)(P<0.05)respectively in the five years, whichpredominantly happened in the preterm infants. What’s more, Theproportions of children with RDS in term infants were2.8%(43/153),31.9%(43/135),35.3%(83/235),22.8%(72/316),29.6%(87/294)(P<0.05)。(2) The mild group had542cases of preterm, the median of admissiontime was2.7h,353were cesarean delivery and354treated with pulmonarysurfactant (PS),230patients of chest X-ray had improved after using PSwithin48h.The median time for assisted ventilation was late76.0h. Thenumber of patients with pulmonary air leaks were41. The mild group had542cases of full-term infants, the median of admission time was7.6h, (Compared to preterm in mild group, The same below, P<0.05),187werecesarean delivery (P<0.05) and74treated with PS (P<0.05),35patients ofchest X-ray had improved after using PS within48h (P<0.05).The mediantime for assisted ventilation was late90.0h (P<0.05). The number ofpatients with pulmonary air leaks were28(P<0.05). The severe group had263cases of preterm, the median of admission time was2.0h,173werecesarean delivery and193treated with PS. The number of patients withpulmonary air leaks were13. The mild group had128cases of full-terminfants(compared to preterm in severe group, The same below, P<0.05), themedian of admission time was7.1h,122were cesarean delivery (P<0.05)and77treated with PS (P<0.05). The number of patients with pulmonaryair leaks were19(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1) The proportion of children with NRDS over the same periodshowed an increasing trend, mainly in preterm and the proportion ofchildren with RDS in term infants was increased.(2) Compared to the preterm RDS, the full-term RDS which werecharacterized by later onset and clinically severe, has a close relation tocesarean section. The curative effect of PS is not as good as prematureinfants. They need longer mechanical ventilation time and had morepulmonary air leaks. The early diagnosis and treatment of full-term RDSshould need more attention.