| With the flourish of biodiversity conservation activities on earth and improvement of environmental protection consciousness, different countries have paid attention to the construction nature of reserve, and it has been an important symbol of civilization and progress of the countries. Nature reserves has considered scientific research and cultural education, ecological and economic development. In order to solve the contradiction of protection and economic development, and guarantee the effectiveness of the protection and the developmental sustainability, the natural reserve create zoning. At present, most of the nature reserve is based on qualitative methods to determine its functional partition. The human factors of this method are significant. So it is concluded that the function of the partitioning scheme is not scientific and reasonable. Therefore, in the academic realm, it is necessary for us to study and discuss the quantitative research methods of nature reserve zoning, so as to ensure the rationality and validity of the nature reserve function zoning, and improve the level of management and protection value.Shapotou nature reserve locate in the northwest arid areas. Under the dual effects of natural and man-made, Shapotou reserve is a typical reserve of desert ecosystem type. In this paper, Shapotou nature reserve as the study area, based on "source-sink" landscape theory, use the MCR model to analyze Shapotou nature reserve functional zoning quantificationally. Mainly include the following three contents: the first is to determine the distribution of the "source" landscape patches in the reserve. We conclude it through the analysis of LUCC from1973 to 2014, and the main protected object of Shapotou reserve; the second is to determine the surface resistance. It is mainly composed of 2014 land use landscape type, vegetation coverage, slope, elevation, and road five factors; the third is to combine the "source" landscape patches and resistance field, mainly through the process of ArcGIS software Cost Distance module. The main conclusions are as follows:1) This study use the quantitative analysis of LUCC, combine with the first and second phase of the comprehensive inspection report and The Ministry of Environmental Protection issued public proclamation in the Shapotou natural reserve to determine the "source" landscape patches. Identify the source landscape patches distributed on both sides of the Baolan railway and the lakes(Gaodun lake and Xiao lake), and from the east part of the land-ues/land-cover type to the west is shrubland, shelter belts, waters and grassland. This study presents the area of source landscape patch is 1631.02 hm2, approximately 11.61% of the total area and does not exist distinctly areas irrationality, as well as beneficial effect to the conservation of the ecological environment development. Therefore, this experiment evidenced that the land-ues/land-cover variation of temporal and spatial of quantitative analysis can be used as one of the methods to determine the source landscape patch.2) Selected the direct factor impact on the conservation of the ecological environment in this study, for instance the landscape of land use types, vegetation coverage, slope, elevation and roads, to determination of the landscape resistance surface. These factors were weighted differently and also because specific landscape medium gives different relative resistance values. Calculated by ArcGIS and ENVI software landscape resistance level and exhibit the highest resistance value is 85.1, while the lowest resistance value is 1. In addition, level of protected areas adjacent to the Tengger desert in central area and traffic land is highly comparison with lower at lakelets and other area in between.3)The studied zoning has differences in the area size and space position distribution compare with the existing zoning. The area of the core zone increases. The proportion of core zone is increased from 28.18% to 42.321%. The area around Xiao lake in the north of the reserve is divided into core zone. The area of the buffer zone and experimental area is smaller than the current. Only the sand in the reserve central on either side of the railway and the cultivated land is divided into the experimental area. In north of reserve the opening forest land is divided into the experimental area. Rest area is the buffer zone, located between the core zone and experimental zone. While there are a few small details for the detrusive Shapotou reserve zoning based on “source-sink” landscape theory, practice has proved its feasibility. At the same time it also need other researchers to study on practice in different types of desert reserve to improve their study. |
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