| Objective:to explore the odor response pattern characteristics relating with disease and syndrome of oral breath of patients with Type2diabetes mellitus (Type2diabetes mellitus, T2DM) by electronic nose technology, which grasping the odor features from its overall information, to provide a new way for the diagnosis of disease and syndrome, and a basic research for achieving the objective of the olfactory examination of traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:using differentiation of syndrome elements to analyze the syndrome elements characteristics of patients with T2DM, and combining pattern recognition and spectrum feature extraction technology to identify and compare the odor response pattern characteristics of oral breath of patients with T2DM which is collected by medical electronic nose, thus to explore the odor response pattern characteristics relating with disease and syndrome of oral breath of patients with T2DMResult:1The recognition and comparation of the odor response pattern characteristics between patients with T2DM and healthy persons:1.1Pattern recognition:1.1.1Support Vector Classification:the recognition accuracy rate was as high as88.04%by selecting the Gaussian between patients with T2DM and healthy persons, while the recognition accuracy of the Gaussian and Polynomial Kernel was much higher than the Linear Kernel.1.2The comparison to the geometric features of the odor response pattern curve:1.2.1Two sample t test:â‘ The amplitude characteristic:The amplitude of the odor response pattern curve B of patients with T2DM was significantly higher than that of healthy persons, and the amplitude of the odor response pattern curve H was lower than that of healthy persons (P<0.01).â‘¡The slope characteristic:The slope of the odor response pattern curves G, H of patients with T2DM were lower than those of healthy persons (P<0.01). â‘¢The area characteristic:The area of the odor response pattern curves B, D, F of patients with T2DM were lower than those of healthy persons (P<0.01).1.2.2Fisher discriminant analysis:â‘ Tthe amplitude characteristic:For the amplitude characteristic of curves B and H, the accuracy rate of recognition of the odor response pattern characteristics of patients with T2DM and healthy persons was93.5%and25%, and the accuracy rate of all cases was70.7%.â‘¡The slope characteristic:For the slope characteristic of curves G and H, the accuracy rate of recognition of the odor response pattern characteristics of patients with T2DM and healthy persons was76%and46%, and the accuracy rate of all cases was66%.â‘¢The area characteristic:For the area characteristic of curves B, D and F, the accuracy rate of recognition of the odor response pattern characteristics of patients with T2DM and healthy persons was65%,79%, and the accuracy rate of all cases was69.7%.2The comparison of the odor response pattern characteristics among the common syndrome elements of T2DM:2.1The comparison of the odor response pattern characteristics among the common syndrome elements of the location of the disease:The comparison of the odor response pattern characteristics (the amplitude, slope, area characteristic of curves) among the common syndrome elements of the location of the disease showed no significant difference (P>0.05).2.2The comparison of the odor response pattern characteristics among the common syndrome elements of the nature of the disease:The comparison of the odor response pattern characteristics (the amplitude, slope, area characteristic of curves) among the common syndrome elements of the nature of the disease showed no significant difference (P>0.05).3The comparison of the odor response pattern characteristics between the asthenic and sthenic syndromes:3.1K-Independent-Samples Tests:â‘ The amplitude characteristic:The amplitude of the odor response pattern curve D of the sthenic syndrome group of patients with T2DM was significantly higher than that of the mixture of asthenia and sthenia syndrome group (P<0.01). â‘¡The slope characteristic:The slope of the odor response pattern curve D of the sthenic syndrome group of patients with T2DM was significantly higher than that of the mixture of asthenia and sthenia syndrome group and the asthenic syndrome group (P<0.01), the slope of the odor response pattern curve G of the mixture of asthenia and sthenia syndrome group was significantly higher than that of sthenic syndrome group (P<0.01), the slope of the odor response pattern curve G of the asthenic syndrome group was higher than that of the sthenic syndrome group (P<0.05).â‘¢The area characteristic:The comparison of the odor response pattern area characteristic between the asthenic and sthenic syndrome showed no significant difference (P>0.05).3.2Fisher discriminated analysis:The slope characteristic:For the slope characteristic of curves G, the accuracy rate of recognition of the odor response pattern characteristics of the sthenic syndrome group, the mixture of asthenia and sthenic group and the asthenic syndrome group was75.0%,52.9%and74.6%, and the accuracy rate of all cases was62.4%.4The correlation analysis between the common syndrome elements integral and the characteristics of the odor response pattern curves:â‘ The amplitude characteristic:The amplitude of the curve A and liver, channels and collaterals, yang deficiency syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and cold syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01).The amplitude of the curve C and lung, cold syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05).The amplitude of the curve E and spleen, liver, cold, yin deficiency, qi stagnation, blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and channels and collaterals syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01).The amplitude of the curve F and blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and heat syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05). The amplitude of the curve G and yang deficiency, qi deficiency syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01).The amplitude of the curve H and kidney syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05).The amplitude of the curve I and blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01), and heat syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).â‘¡The slope characteristic:The slope of the curve A and liver, channels and collaterals, blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and cold syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01), and phlegm syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).The slope of the curve B and channels and collaterals, phlegm syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01).The slope of the curve C and lung, cold syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05).The slope of the curve E and spleen, qi stagnation syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).The slope of the curve G and cold syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01).The slope of the curve H and liver syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).The slope of the curve I and blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01), and heat syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).The slope of the curve H and liver, cold, yang deficiency, qi stagnation, blood deficiency, blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05).â‘¢The area:The area of the curve A and liver, blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and channels and collaterals, cold, qi stagnation syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01), and phlegm syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).The area of the curve C and liver, yang deficiency, qi stagnation, blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and channels and collaterals, cold syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01), and phlegm syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).The area of the curve D and cold, qi stagnation Qi syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01), and phlegm syndrome elements integral were very significantly negatively related (P<0.01).The area of the curve E and liver, channels and collaterals syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and cold, qi stagnation syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01),and phlegm syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).The area of the curve F and liver, channels and collaterals syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and cold, qi stagnation syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01), and phlegm syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).The area of the curve J and liver, channels and collaterals, qi stagnation, blood asthenia syndrome elements integral were significantly positively related (P<0.05), and cold syndrome elements integral were very significantly positively related (P<0.01), and phlegm syndrome elements integral were significantly negatively related (P<0.05).Conclusion:1The oral breath odor information between the patients with T2DM and the healthy persons are different, the electronic nose has the higher identification accuracy for to the odor response patterns of the oral breath of the patients with T2DM.2The oral breath odor response pattern characteristics between the asthenic and sthenic syndrome in the patients with T2DM are different, but the accuracy rate of recognition of the odor response pattern characteristics between the asthenic and sthenic syndrome by the electronic nose remains to be further improved. 3The common syndrome elements integral and the characteristics of the odor response pattern curves in the patients with T2DM were related, but it is hard to identify the syndrome elements between the location and nature of the disease by the electronic nose so far.4Using the electronic nose technology and the differentiation of syndrome elements can provide a reference for T2DM diagnosis of disease and syndrome, and a new method for the study on the objective of the olfactory examination. |
PDF Full Text Request