Studies On The Dynamics Of Arthropod Communities In "Pingyang Te Zao" Tea Garden

This thesis came from four projects “National Natural Science fund”,“The keyproject of Anhui education department”,“Anhui Natural Science fund”and “The973project of Nation”, strived to analysis the structural traits and the relationship of mainpest and their natural enemy of arthropod community in “Ping yang te zao” tea gardenin hefei of Anhui province, and enrich the theoretical foundation for IPM of pests.The arthropod total community was divided into phytophagous, predacious,parasitic–neutral sub-communities according to species’ nutrition and predator-preyrelationship. In2010, The results showed75species of arthropod belonging to51famlies, phytophagous was prominent part. The relative abundance of phytophagesand parasitic–neutral and predators respectively were0.6441and0.8990and0.1490.The dominant species of phytophagous were Empoasca vitis (Gothe), Aleurocantusspiniferus (Quaintance) and Colapaides femoralis (Lefere). The dominant species ofparasitic–neutral was Culicidae and Formicidae. The dominant species of predaciouswas Oxyopes sertatus (L.Koch), Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall). In Springand summer of2011, the results showed38species of arthropod belonging to29famlies, phytophagous was prominent part. The relative abundance of phytophagesand parasitic–neutral and predators respectively were0.6047and0.3060and0.3647.The dominant species of phytophagous were Empoasca vitis (Gothe),Ricania.spesulum (walker), Brevipalpus obovatus (Donnadieu), Aleurocantusspiniferus (Quaintance) and Colapaides femoralis (Lefere). The dominant species ofparasitic–neutral was Culicidae and Formicidae. The dominant species of predaciouswas Theridion octomaculatum (Boes.et Str.), Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall),Tetragnatha squamata (Karsch).In2010, the values of dominance of total community and their each sub-communityshowed that parastitoids-neutralities sub-community> phytophagous sub-community> predacious sub-community> total community; the values of Dominantconcentration of total community and their each sub-community showed thatparastitoids-neutralities sub-community> phytophagous sub-community> totalcommunity> predacious sub-community; the values of diversity of total communityand their each sub-community showed that total community> predacioussub-community> phytophagous sub-community> parastitoids-neutralitiessub-community; the values of pielou evenness index of total community and their each sub-community showed that total community> phytophagous sub-community>predacious sub-community>parastitoids-neutralities sub-community; the values ofRichness of total community and their each sub-community showed thatpredacioussub-community> total community> parastitoids-neutralitiessub-community> phytophagoussub-community; In Spring and summer of2011, thevalues of dominance of total community and their each sub-community showed thatparastitoids-neutralities sub-community> phytophagous sub-community> totalcommunity> predacious sub-community; the values of Dominant concentration oftotal community and their each sub-community showed that parastitoids-neutralitiessub-community> phytophagous sub-community> total community> predacioussub-community; the values of diversity of total community and their eachsub-community showed that total community> phytophagous sub-community>predacious sub-community> parastitoids-neutralities sub-community; the values ofpielou evenness index of total community and their each sub-community showed thattotal community> phytophagous sub-community> predacious sub-community>parastitoids-neutralities sub-community; the values of Richness of total communityand their each sub-community showed that predacioussub-community> totalcommunity> parastitoids-neutralities sub-community> phytophagoussub-community;Change tendency of diversity index of total community in2010was: low-high-low;and so did phytophagous sub-community, while predacious sub-community kept in ahigh level all the time.The characteristic parameters of arthropod community and its phytophagous、predacious sub-community in tea gardens were analyzed with the method of principalcomponent analysis. The results showed that in the second principal component, thecontributionof arthropod community, phytophagous sub-community,parastitoids-neutralities sub-community and predacious sub-community in tea gardenwas92.5358%,90.7001%,91.0471%,89.8200%respectively. For the three kinds ofcommunities, richness(R)and species numbers(S) had greater contribution..The structural traits of total community, phytophagous and predacious sub-communityin tea garden were analyzed by clustering. The results showed that The totalcommunity was divided into5clusters when D is0.9100; the phytophagouscommunity was divided into4clusters when D is0.9300; the parastitoids-neutralitiescommunity was divided into4clusters when D is0.9500; the predacious was divided into4clusters when D is0.9200.The arthropod total community, phytophagous and predacious sub-community intea garden were analyzed by the optimization partitions. The optimization partitionsresults showed that the arthropod total community, phytophagous sub-community,parastitoids-neutralities and predacious sub-community could be divided into8,9,12and10stages.The seasonaland annual variations of population quantities of four insect pests withtheir natural enemies in “Ping Yang Te Zao” tea plantation were systematicalinvestigated. The results of a paired t-testing showed that the t values of Five mainpest numbers, Empoasca vitis (Gothe), Ricania.spesulum (walker), Brevipalpusobovatus (Donnadieu), Aleurocantus spiniferus (Quaintance) and Colapaidesfemoralis (Lefere)were, respectively,1.1306,1.2705,1.4601,0.7800,0.9000,whilstthe t values of eight natural enemy numbers, i. e. leis axyridis (Pallas), Oxyopessertatus (L.Koch), Clubiona japonicola (Boes.et Str.), Theridion octomaculatum(Boes.et Str.), Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabr.), Erigonidium graminicolum(Sundevall), Oxyopes sertatus (L.Koch) and Tetragnatha squamata (Karsch) were,respectively,0.5807,1.6237,1.9214,0.9252,0.6233,0.8615,0.8704,0.3843betweenthe two spring-summer seasons of2010and2011, which all are significantly lowerthan2.26(t0.05value), indicating that no significant differences existed in the numbersof three insect pests and their natural enemies between the two spring-summerseasons in “Ping Yang Te Zao” tea plantation.The further analysis indicated that the t values of Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabr.);Tetragnatha squamata (Karsch); Clubiona japonicola (Boes.et Str.); Erigonidiumgraminicolum (Sundevall); Oxyopes sertatus (L.Koch); Propylea japonica (Thunberg);Theridion octomaculatum (Boes.et Str.),were, respectively,2.5165and2.3435with t> t0.05(2.13), indicating that there were significant differences in their numbersbetween the spring-summer season and the autumn season of2009“Ping Yang TeZao” tea plantation. whilst the t values of eight natural enemy numbers, i. e. leisaxyridis (Pallas); Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabr.); Tetragnatha squamata (Karsch);Clubiona japonicola (Boes.et Str.); Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall); Oxyopessertatus (L.Koch); Propylea japonica (Thunberg); Theridion octomaculatum (Boes.etStr.), were, respectively，1.36、0.78、1.65、0.81、0.16、2.09、1.72、1.38and0.79，between the seasons of spring-summer and autumn-winter in2011, which all aresignificantly lower than2.137(t0.05value), indicating that no significant differencesexisted in the numbers of five insect pests and their natural enemies between the twohe seasons of spring-summer and autumn-winter in “Ping Yang Te Zao” tea plantation. The quantity, time and space framework of Empoasca vitis (Gothe),Ricania.spesulum (Walker), Brevipalpus obovatus (Domadieu), and their predatorynatural enemies in2010spring-summer season and autumn-winter season, as well as2011spring-summer season were systematically studied using grey system analysis,ecological niche analysis and aggregated-intensity index analysis of spatial patterns. Tthe synthetic ranking results indicated that, in2010spring-summer season, the ordersof main natural enemies of Empoasca vitis (Gothe), Ricania.spesulum (walker),Brevipalpus obovatus (Donnadieu), were, respectively, Clubiona japonicola (Boes.etStr.), Propylea japonica (Thunberg) and Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall);Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall), Oxyopes sertatus (L.Koch) and Theridionoctomaculatum (Boes.et Str.); Oxyopes sertatus (L.Koch), Erigonidiumgraminicolum (Sundevall) and leis axyridis (Pallas). In2010autumn-winter season,the orders of main natural enemies of the five pests were, respectively, Misumenopstricuspidatus (Fabr.), Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall) and Clubionajaponicola (Boes.et Str.); Propylea japonica (Thunberg), Clubiona japonicola (Boes.et Str.), and Tetragnatha squamata (Karsch); Oxyopes sertatus (L.Koch), Clubionajaponicola (Boes. et Str.) and leis axyridis (Pallas). In2011spring-summer season,the orders of main natural enemies of the five pests were, respectively, Theridionoctomaculatum (Boes.et Str.) leis axyridis (Pallas) and Misumenops tricuspidatus(Fabr.); Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall), leis axyridis (Pallas) and Propyleajaponica (Thunberg); Propylea japonica (Thunberg), Erigonidium graminicolum(Sundevall) and Theridion octomaculatum (Boes.et Str.); Misumenops tricuspidatus(Fabr.), Propylea japonica (Thunberg) and Tetragnatha squamata (Karsch); leisaxyridis (Pallas), Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabr.) and Erigonidium graminicolum(Sundevall). In addition, our results also showed that the λ values of gathering averageof Aleurocantus spiniferus (Quaintance) were greater than2in April24,2010andApril1,2011, three season periods of Empoasca vitis (Gothe) and Ricania. spesulum(Walker) in May25,2010were greater than2, indicating that the aggregation ofinsect pest was caused by itself. indicating that the aggregation of insect pest wascaused by itself. However, the λ values of gathering average of all enemies were lessthan2, implying that the aggregation of most natural enemies was caused by differentenvironmental factors.The spatial dependence of Empoasca vitis Gothe and Toxoptera aurantii Boyerwith their main enemies were studied by geostatistics in four kinds of tea gardens. The ranges of spatial dependence (RSDs) of the major insect pests, Empoasca vitis Gothe,Toxoptera aurantii Boyer, and their enemies were obtained by the methods ofgeostatistics, and the pest-enemy spatial relationships were analyzed by greyrelational analysis. Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabr.); Tetragnatha squamata (Karsch);Clubiona japonicola (Boes.et Str.); Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall); Oxyopes sertatus(L.Koch); Propylea japonica (Thunberg); Theridion octomaculatum (Boes.et Str.)distributionpatterns in each field which were abundant with the two pests or not. The geostatisticsanalyses showed that the two main enemies with Empoasca vitis Gothe in spatialfollowing relationships were Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch (0.8594) and Erigonidiumgraminicolum Sundevall (0.8397) in shu tea field; and Theridion ocomaculatumBose.et Str.(0.8207) and Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch (0.8104) in ping yang te zao teafield. Whilst the two main enemies with Toxoptera aurantii Boyer in spatial followingrelationships were Erigonidium graminicolum Sundevall (0.7448) and Oxyopessertatus L.Koch (0.7433) in shu tea field；and Theridion ocomaculatum Bose.etStr.(0.8324) and Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch (0.7730) in ping yang te zao tea field. Thelargest amount of Empoasca vitis Gothe and Toxoptera aurantii Boyer appeared inNovember25in the four tea fields. The results of geostatistics analyses to the pestsand their enemies in the other two tea fields showed that they all displayedaggregative distribution patterns. Furthermore, the main enemy of Empoasca vitisGothe was Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch (4.7222) in fu yun-six tea field; and Theridionocomaculatum Bose.et Str.(1.0000) in long jing chang ye tea field. Whilst the mainenemy of Toxoptera aurantii Boyer was Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch in the two tea fields.The RSDs of Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch in the two tea fields were4.7222and7.6316respectively. Overall, Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch was the first main enemy ofEmpoasca vitis Gothe and Toxoptera aurantii Boyer in spatial following relationshipsin the four tea fields in autumn and winter, together with Theridion ocomaculatumBose.et Str. and Erigonidium graminicolum Sundevall as following.