Strategies To Urban Runoff Control And Stormwater Management---a Case Of Shanghai

Storm water management has always been a problem in urban management. In China, with the rapid development and expansion of the cities, the environmental problems caused by heavy rains are more and more prominent. much municipal infrastructure is seriously lagging behind, making it unable to meet basic needs, including economically developed cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. As a result of rapid urbanization, drainage facilities are lagging behind. Heavy rainfall prones urban waterlogging, and other events that seriously affect urban safety and people’s lives. In this paper, the author takes the highly urbanized city of Shanghai as the main object of study. Using qualitative and quantitative analysis, theory and practice analysis combination, it explores effective ways to control the runoff from the conceptual level, the level of policies and regulations, technical level and economic incentives level.Also,it explores ways to carry out technical parameters of urban runoff control, and explores case studies of the Shanghai urban runoff control method. Finally it explores Shanghai urban stormwater runoff control measures to optimize the management.The main work and conclusions are as follows:(1)Explore effective ways to control the runoff from the conceptual level, the level of policies and regulations, technical level and economic incentives level, providing a reference for Shanghai runoff control and stormwater management.The results show that:①From the conceptual level, the developed countries began to form a low-impact development, best management practices and other sources of stormwater management concept from the20th century, using natural source storage of rainwater infiltration to relieve stress of urban stormwater. Shanghai mainly relies on the strong end drain measures to address the problem of rainwater water.It is worth learning from foreign experience.②From the perspective of policies and regulations, developed countries put" zero growth of displacement" into policies and regulations. Relatively speaking, in the policies and regulatory documents of our nation and Shanghai, few regulations are about runoff control and low-impact development. Minority normative documents just briefly mention low-impact development concepts, but no specific mention of methods and measures for the implementation.③From a technical perspective, in order to implement low-impact development concepts, the United States and other developed countries develop and promote the practice of a variety of storm water management measures. Species of storm water management measures in Shanghai is a little single and the technical level is weak, which is to be improved.④From the perspective of economic incentives, developed countries use subsidies and levy to provide economic support for storm water management. Shanghai has not yet formed incentives of storm water management and need to learn from the developed countries.(2) The paper analyses current situation of urban runoff coefficient Shanghai. Shanghai central city of many current comprehensive drainage area runoff coefficient is quite high, so low-impact development through measures and green infrastructure, reduce overall runoff coefficient of the drainage area to improve drainage standards in Shanghai, is a certain potential. This was also in line with the international attention on the current integrated management of rainwater, avoiding excessive reliance on the strong end of the current practice of rows.(3) The paper investigates Shanghai urban runoff control ways. In downtown Shanghai43rainwater drainage system confluence case, for example, discusses the different proportions of low-impact development measures (roof gardens, permeable pavement, green depression), the relationship between urban development and post-development runoff before provide the basis for stormwater management under different land use areas. And the development of the runoff coefficient of zero growth as the standard, to explore the relationship between different values and urban runoff control parameters (in the area ratio of the area of green roofs, permeable proportion of floor space, the proportion of green area and sunken sunken depth example).(4) From the perspectives of land-use regulation, local policies and regulations improvement, constraints and incentives optimization and Shanghai river network storage capacity improvement, it explores storm water management control measures of Shanghai urban runoff. The main results are:①In the regulation of land use, it puts forward appropriate control measures of different land use status depending on the different characteristics of land use of residential, commercial, traffic areas, green areas, industrial areas.②In the improvement of local policies and regulations, it recommends that runoff coefficient control should be put into policies and regulations, such as "Shanghai Drainage Regulations"," Shanghai Water Management Bill","Shanghai Implementation<People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment> Measures" and "Shanghai Urban Planning Administration technical requirements".③In the constraints and incentives optimization, it proposes to develop relevant constraints and incentives such as storm water drainage fee. It suggests to impose storm water discharge fees into the content of the policies and regulations such as "Shanghai drainage administration regulations ". Impose drainage fee of owners with more than a certain amount impervious area to motivate the owners and the public personal environmentally friendly behavior, and to protect the safety of urban drainage."...