Technical Criterion And Measures Of Revegetation And Ecological Restoration In Xinjiang Songshutou Coalifeld Fireifghting Area

Xinjiang as a main coal resource area in China, ranks in the first place with theestimated reserves of2.19×10¹³tons, is the most important energy developmentzones and strategic energy reserve area. Most of the coalfields locate in tourist areasor next to the ranches, in this case, mining activity will affect not only the localtourism and animal husbandry, more can cause water pollution and regionaleco-environmental destruction. Wastelands after mining are restricting the sustainabledevelopment of the surrounding environment and being a hidden danger to regionalecological security. In this study, Songshutou Coalfield Firefighting Zone wasselected as an experimental site, which locates in the northern slope of TianshanMountain. Land preparation methods, planting density and planting patterns wereanalyzed through soil and vegetation experiments during the different periods ofplanting in testing side. Suitable Technical Specifications and Measures ofRevegetation and Ecological Restoration were further confirmed in order to ensurerelatively high ecological, social, economic efficiency of ecological restoration in thisarea and to provide the optimal ecological restoration and revegetationcountermeasures as a reference to the other coalfield with the similar conditions.Works and conclusions of the study are as follows:（1） In this study area, compared to surrounding environment, soil moisturecontent is very low, soil bulk density is rather large, soil porosity is small, soil isalkaline with high pH value, soil nutrient content is low, and soil fertility level is low,surface soils are not suitable for vegetation growth and community succession, so forecological restoration activities must consider to conduct soil improvement measuresfirst. Multistage fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was conducted to investigate theecological restoration potential in the research area, and results show that topographic conditions of research area is the primary influencing factor with negative effects onecological restoration, climate and soil factors are the secondary important conditions.Those three negative conditions made this are with low potentials of and difficult forecological restoration.（2） Planting density has a significant effect on vegetation recovery. The numberof plants and water content show certain regularity with planting density, but otherindicators are not strongly related. Optimum planting density of3.5kg/mu wasconfirmed through comprehensive scoring on the effects of plant growth indicators onvegetation recovery conditions, like density, height, root length, aboveground biomass,and moisture content.（3） Short-term recovery testing site was established to determine soil reclamationmeasure. In view of topographical condition, the combination of direct seeding andvegetative bag planting could be used for soil reclamation purpose. In the gentle slopearea, direct seeding could be selected, and for the area with serious soil erosions,placing vegetative bag is recommended. According to the number of availableresources, vegetative bag types are could be selected as below: Type A,NH₁-BS₁-HF₃-JG₂, Type A, NH₂-BS₁-HF₁-JG₁and Type B, NH₃-BS₁-HF₂-JG₃.（4） Traditional technique of mono-nutrition soil improvement and proportion ofmulti-lever nutrition were both effective in vegetation restoration and soilimprovement. In this experiment, different materials have different influence on soilreclamation. Farm manure can harden the soil, and straw amendments have reducingeffect on soil bulk density and increasing effect on soil porosity; the use of chemicalfertilizers can quickly improve soil nutrient content, and soil dressing method has aremarkable improving effect on species diversity.（5） For the focus area of soil improvement, mono-nutrition soil improvementtechnique suggests to use phosphorus diamine with the amount of0.6kg. Accordingto the local resources distribution and transportation factors,4.5kg of straw amendments,5.0cm of soil dressing or3.0kg of straw amendments could be used;optimal proportion of multi-lever nutrition indicates those two different combinationof measures below: NH₃-BS₃-YF₃-HF₂-JG₂-TR₅, includes adhesive （16.0g/m²）+aquasorb （15.0g/m²）+sheep manure （2.0kg/m²）+compound fertilizer （40.0g/m²）+straw （105.0g/m²）+humus soil （4.5cm）; NH₁-BS₄-YF₂-HF₅-JG₅-TR₃, includesadhesive （6.0g/m²）+aquasorb （20.0g/m²）+sheep manure （1.5kg/m²）+compoundfertilizer （70.0g/m²）+straw （160.0g/m²）+humus soil （2.5cm）.（6） For the focus area of vegetation restoration, mono-nutrition soil improvementtechnique suggests to use9.0kg of farm manure, followed by3.0kg of straw; optimalproportion of multi-lever nutrition measures are stated as: NH₄-BS₄-YF₁-HF₂-JG₂-TR₄,includes adhesive （21.0g/m²）+aquasorb （20.0g/m²）+sheep manure （1.0kg/m²）+compound fertilizer （40.0g/m²）+straw （105.0g/m²）+humus soil （3.5cm）;NH₄-BS₃-YF₂-HF4-JG4-TR₂, includes adhesive （21.0g/m²）+aquasorb （15.0g/m²）+sheep manure （1.5kg/m²）+compound fertilizer （60.0g/m²）+straw （140.0g/m²）+humus soil （1.5cm） and NH5-BS5-YF₅-HF4-JG4-TR₃, includes adhesive （26.0g/m²）+aquasorb （25.0g/m²）+sheep manure （3.0kg/m²）+compound fertilizer （60.0g/m²）+straw （120.0g/m²）+humus soil （2.5cm）.（7） Ecological restoration and revegetation countermeasures for XinjiangCoalfield Firefighting Zone are proposed through combined measures in field andindoor analysis. Vegetation reconstruction measures and technical specifications forresearch area was completed with the contents of land reclamation, hazardoussubstances degradation, and improvement of soil fertility, the plants natural settlementand succession, later management.